عوامل الاغتراب الاجتماعي لدى كبار السن في الأسرة السعودية (دراسة تطبيقية على عينة من الأسر في محافظة الأحساء)
Date
2023-10-23
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Saudi Digital Library
Abstract
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد عوامل الاغتراب الاجتماعي لدى كبار السنّ في الأسرة السعودية؛ من خلال معرفة علاقة كلٍّ من العامل الاقتصادي للأسرة، وعامل حجم الأسرة، وعامل ثقافة الأسرة في تعرض المسنّ لأحد مظاهر الاغتراب الاجتماعي، الذي تمثل في هذه الدراسة في العزلة الاجتماعية، والعجز الاجتماعيّ، واللامعيارية، ولتحقيقِ ذلك اعتمدت الدراسة على منهج المسح الاجتماعي بالعينة، وطُبقت الاستبانة على أسر المسنين البالغ عددهم (200) أسرة: 20% منهم من الهجر، و35% من القرى، و45% من المدينة نفسها، وكذلك طُبقت أداة المقابلة مع بعض المسنين البالغ عددهم (15) مسنًّا ومسنةً: (3) إناث، و(2) من الذكور في كلٍّ من الهجر والقرى والمدن في محافظة الأحساء التي تضمّ تلك الأماكن، وعُولجت البيانات باستخدام الاختبارات الإحصائية (معدل النسب المئوية، واختبار العلاقة الرزجول، واختبار العامل التحليلي التوكيدي).
وعلى الرغم من المظاهر الإيجابية لحياة المسنين داخل أسرهم في عينة الدراسة إلا أنه تبين تعرض نسبة منهم للعزلة الاجتماعية تقدر بـ (32.1%) بشكل يجعل المسن يتخلى عما يريد، ويخضع لأمر أسرته؛ لقلة نشاطه وحيويته وتدهور حالته الصحية وضعف علاقاته مع الآخرين، وتبين من خلال اختبار التحليل الإحصائي الاستدلالي للعلاقة (الرزجول Std.Residual) أن المسنّ يتعرض لنوع من الاغتراب الاجتماعي يتمثل في معارضته أحياناً لأسرته، والواقع المحيط به ، بصرف النظر عن العامل الاقتصادي للأسرة، سواءً أكان منخفضًا أم متوسطًا أم مرتفعًا.
كما توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة بين حجم الأسرة وتعرض المسنين للعجز الاجتماعي أي أنه كلما زاد عدد أفراد الأسرة زادت نسبة تعرضهم أحياناً للعجز الاجتماعي تقدر بـ (34.2%).
وكذلك تعرض نسبة من المسنين للامعيارية تقدر بـ (33.7%) بشكل يجعله يتخلى عما يريد ويخضع لأمر أسرته لتغير العادات والتقاليد، وتبيّن من خلال اختبار التحليل الاحصائي الاستدلالي للعلاقة (الرزجول Std.Residual) أنّ المسنّ يتعرض لنوع من الاغتراب الاجتماعي أحياناً بصرف النظر عن ثقافة الأسرة. وتوصلت الدراسة من خلال المقابلة الى أن المستوى الاقتصادي المرتفع والمتوسط للاسره له أثره الإيجابي في عدم تعرض المسنين لحالة العزلة الاجتماعية ، وأن بعض المسنين يتعرضون لحالة اللامعيارية بالدرجة الأولى في كلٍّ من الهجر والقرى بينما يقل لدى المسنين في المدن ، وكذلك تبين أن المسنين من عمر (65) سنة وحتى (75) سنة كثيرهم مازالوا قادرين على إدارة حياتهم، وتعدد أنشطتهم على الرغم من تقاعدهم عن العمل خلاف من يبلغ من العمر فوق (75) سنة.
This study aimed to identify the factors of social alienation among the elderly in Saudi families. By knowing the relationship of the family economic factor, the family size factor, and the family culture factor to the elderly person’s exposure to one of the manifestations of social alienation, which in this study is represented by social isolation, social helplessness, and non-normative behavior. To achieve this, the study relied on the sample social survey approach, and applied The questionnaire was conducted on the families of the elderly, numbering (200) families: 20% of them were from the region, 35% from the villages, and 45% from the city itself. The interview tool was also applied to some of the elderly, numbering (15) elderly men and women: (3) females, and ( 2) Of males in each of the villages, villages, and cities in Al-Ahsa Governorate, which includes those places. The data was processed using statistical tests (percentage rate, Razgul relationship test, and confirmatory factor test). Despite the positive aspects of the life of the elderly within their families in the study sample, it was found that a percentage of them are exposed to social isolation, estimated at (32.1%), in a way that causes the elderly person to give up what he wants and submit to his family’s orders. Due to his lack of activity and vitality, the deterioration of his health condition, and the weakness of his relationships with others, it became clear through the test of inferential statistical analysis of the relationship (Std.Residual) that the elderly person is exposed to social alienation through his opposition to his family and the reality surrounding him, regardless of the economic factor of the family, whether it is low, medium, or High. The study also found that there is a relationship between family size and the elderly’s exposure to social disability, meaning that the greater the number of family members, the greater their percentage of exposure to social disability, estimated at (34.2%). Likewise, a percentage of the elderly are exposed to non-normative behavior, estimated at 33.7%, in a way that causes them to abandon what they want and submit to their family’s orders to change customs and traditions. It was found through testing the inferential statistical analysis of the relationship (Std.Residual) that the elderly are exposed to social alienation regardless of the family culture. The study concluded, through interviews, that the high and medium economic level of the family has a positive impact in preventing the elderly from being exposed to a state of social isolation, and that some elderly people are exposed to a state of non-standardization primarily in both the desert and the villages, while it is less among the elderly in the cities. It was also found that the elderly are of ( From 65 to 75 years, many of them are still able to manage
This study aimed to identify the factors of social alienation among the elderly in Saudi families. By knowing the relationship of the family economic factor, the family size factor, and the family culture factor to the elderly person’s exposure to one of the manifestations of social alienation, which in this study is represented by social isolation, social helplessness, and non-normative behavior. To achieve this, the study relied on the sample social survey approach, and applied The questionnaire was conducted on the families of the elderly, numbering (200) families: 20% of them were from the region, 35% from the villages, and 45% from the city itself. The interview tool was also applied to some of the elderly, numbering (15) elderly men and women: (3) females, and ( 2) Of males in each of the villages, villages, and cities in Al-Ahsa Governorate, which includes those places. The data was processed using statistical tests (percentage rate, Razgul relationship test, and confirmatory factor test). Despite the positive aspects of the life of the elderly within their families in the study sample, it was found that a percentage of them are exposed to social isolation, estimated at (32.1%), in a way that causes the elderly person to give up what he wants and submit to his family’s orders. Due to his lack of activity and vitality, the deterioration of his health condition, and the weakness of his relationships with others, it became clear through the test of inferential statistical analysis of the relationship (Std.Residual) that the elderly person is exposed to social alienation through his opposition to his family and the reality surrounding him, regardless of the economic factor of the family, whether it is low, medium, or High. The study also found that there is a relationship between family size and the elderly’s exposure to social disability, meaning that the greater the number of family members, the greater their percentage of exposure to social disability, estimated at (34.2%). Likewise, a percentage of the elderly are exposed to non-normative behavior, estimated at 33.7%, in a way that causes them to abandon what they want and submit to their family’s orders to change customs and traditions. It was found through testing the inferential statistical analysis of the relationship (Std.Residual) that the elderly are exposed to social alienation regardless of the family culture. The study concluded, through interviews, that the high and medium economic level of the family has a positive impact in preventing the elderly from being exposed to a state of social isolation, and that some elderly people are exposed to a state of non-standardization primarily in both the desert and the villages, while it is less among the elderly in the cities. It was also found that the elderly are of ( From 65 to 75 years, many of them are still able to manage
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Keywords
الاغتراب الاجتماعي, كبار السن