Theoretical and computational Study of the performance of Gaseous particle detector systems

Abstract

The transport of charged particles in gases with the presence of an electromagnetic field is accompanied by a drift in the direction of the electric field superimposed to statistical diffusion. Charged particles penetrating a gas volume ionize atoms, and hence produce electron-ion pairs. The drift of the electrons and ions induces an electric signal. Gases represent ideal particle detectors. A revolution in physics took place when the Scientifics exploited the interaction of fast incident particles with gases. Different gaseous detectors such as Multi-wares Proportional Counters (MWPC), Large Electron Multiplayer (LEM) and Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) have been widely used in Particle Physics experiments studying the proprieties of extremely high energy particles. This research aims at studying the performance and efficiency of different gaseous detector systems in detecting relatively low energy particles originating from different physical process. Computational methods such as finite element methods, Monte Carlo methods, numerical resolution of Langevin drift equation and of the transport equation are used together to simulate the response of such gases detectors. Garfield++ Computational code of CERN which provides a suitable tool that links all such techniques together is used in this work to simulate many scenarios describing the detection of low energy particles.