المآخذ الفقهية على المصارف الإسلامية وحلولها
Date
2023
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Saudi Digital Library
Abstract
تتناول الرسالة موضوعا مهما يتعلق بالمصارف الإسلامية وهو المآخذ الواردة عليها وحلولها، وقد قسمته إلى وتمهيد، وأربعة فصول، وخاتمة.
أما التمهيد فقد تناولت فيه التعريف بالمصارف الإسلامية ونشأتها وتطورها.
وأما الفصل الأول فكان بعنوان: المآخذ على المصارف الإسلامية في نشأتها وأهدافها، وقسمته إلى ستة مباحث، تناولت فيها المآخذ على البناء الفقهي للمصارف الإسلامية وأثره، والمؤاخذة في عدم قيام المصارف بدور مجتمعي فعال، وضمان الأموال المضاربة للمودعين، المؤاخذة في عدم توافق عمل المصرف مع قرارات الهيئات الشرعية وضعف الرقابة، والمؤاخذة في انخفاض مستوى الإفصاح المالي في المصارف الإسلامية، والمؤاخذة في تعامل المصارف الإسلامية مع البنوك التجارية، وذلك في مطالب وفروع متعددة.
وأما الفصل الثاني فكان بعنوان: المآخذ على المصارف الإسلامية في الخدمات التمويلية، وقسمته إلى سبعة مباحث، تناولت فيها المؤاخذة على المصارف في اهتمامها بالتمويل الاستهلاكي دون غيره، والمآخذ في بيع المرابحة للآمر بالشراء، والمآخذ في التورق المصرفي، والمآخذ في سندات المقارضة، والمآخذ في الإجارة المنتهية بالتمليك، والمآخذ في التمويل العقاري، والمؤاخذة في التمويل بالسلم والاستصناع الموازي، وذلك في مطالب وفروع متعددة.
وأما الفصل الثالث فكان بعنوان: المآخذ على المصارف الإسلامية في الخدمات الائتمانية، وقسمته إلى خمسة مباحث، تناولت فيها المآخذ في خطاب الضمان، والمآخذ في بطاقات الائتمان البنكية، والمآخذ في فتح الاعتماد، والمؤاخذة في سداد مديونيات العملاء لدى البنوك الأخرى، والمؤاخذة في التأمين التجاري على المصرف وعلى الودائع المصرفية، وذلك في مطالب وفروع متعددة.
وأما الفصل الرابع فكان بعنوان: المآخذ على المصارف الإسلامية في الخدمات المصرفية، وقسمته إلى أربعة مباحث، تناولت فيها المؤاخذة في فتح الحسابات للعملاء، والمؤاخذة في تحويل العملة واستبدالها، والمؤاخذة في تقديم الخدمات المصرفية عن طريق الحساب المصرفي، والمؤاخذة في تحصيل الأوراق التجارية ورهنها، وذلك في مطالب وفروع متعددة.
وأخيرا الخاتمة: وبها نتائج البحث والتوصيات، ثم ذيلت الرسالة بفهارس متنوعة.
The Thesis handled an important subject related to Islamic banks, which is criticism arising and their solutions. I divided the same into an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion. As for the Introduction, it explain with the definition of Islamic banks, their origin and development. As for the First Chapter, it was entitled: Criticism against Islamic banks in their origin and objectives, and it was divided into six parts, in which I explained the criticism on the jurisprudential structure of Islamic banks and its impact, the criticism for the failure of banks to play an effective societal role and guaranteeing speculative funds for depositors, the criticism for the incompatibility of the bank’s work with the decisions of the Sharia bodies and the weakness of oversight, criticism for the low level of financial disclosure in Islamic banks, and criticism in the dealings of Islamic banks with commercial banks, in multiple demands and branches. As for the Second Chapter, it was entitled: Criticism against Islamic banks in financing services, and the same was divided into seven parts, in which it explained the criticism on banks for their interest in consumer financing only. the criticism in the Murabaha sale to the one who ordered the purchase, the criticism in banking tawarruq (securitization), the criticism in muqarabah bonds, the criticism in lease ending in ownership, the criticism in real estate financing, and the criticism in financing by peace and parallel manufacturing, in multiple demands and branches. As for the Third Chapter, it was entitled: Criticism against Islamic banks in credit services, the same was divided into five parts, in which I explained with the criticism against the letter of guarantee, the criticism against bank credit cards, the criticism related to opening credit, the criticism against paying off customers’ debts with other banks, and the criticism related to commercial insurance on the bank and on bank deposits, in various demands and branches. As for the Fourth Chapter, it was entitled: Criticism against Islamic banks in banking services, and the same was divided into four parts, in which I explained the responsibility for opening accounts for customers, the responsibility for converting and exchanging currency, the liability for providing banking services through the bank account, and the liability for collecting and mortgaging commercial papers, in Multiple demands and branches. Finally, the conclusion containing the results of the Research and recommendations, then the Thesis was concluded with various indexes.
The Thesis handled an important subject related to Islamic banks, which is criticism arising and their solutions. I divided the same into an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion. As for the Introduction, it explain with the definition of Islamic banks, their origin and development. As for the First Chapter, it was entitled: Criticism against Islamic banks in their origin and objectives, and it was divided into six parts, in which I explained the criticism on the jurisprudential structure of Islamic banks and its impact, the criticism for the failure of banks to play an effective societal role and guaranteeing speculative funds for depositors, the criticism for the incompatibility of the bank’s work with the decisions of the Sharia bodies and the weakness of oversight, criticism for the low level of financial disclosure in Islamic banks, and criticism in the dealings of Islamic banks with commercial banks, in multiple demands and branches. As for the Second Chapter, it was entitled: Criticism against Islamic banks in financing services, and the same was divided into seven parts, in which it explained the criticism on banks for their interest in consumer financing only. the criticism in the Murabaha sale to the one who ordered the purchase, the criticism in banking tawarruq (securitization), the criticism in muqarabah bonds, the criticism in lease ending in ownership, the criticism in real estate financing, and the criticism in financing by peace and parallel manufacturing, in multiple demands and branches. As for the Third Chapter, it was entitled: Criticism against Islamic banks in credit services, the same was divided into five parts, in which I explained with the criticism against the letter of guarantee, the criticism against bank credit cards, the criticism related to opening credit, the criticism against paying off customers’ debts with other banks, and the criticism related to commercial insurance on the bank and on bank deposits, in various demands and branches. As for the Fourth Chapter, it was entitled: Criticism against Islamic banks in banking services, and the same was divided into four parts, in which I explained the responsibility for opening accounts for customers, the responsibility for converting and exchanging currency, the liability for providing banking services through the bank account, and the liability for collecting and mortgaging commercial papers, in Multiple demands and branches. Finally, the conclusion containing the results of the Research and recommendations, then the Thesis was concluded with various indexes.
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Keywords
مصارف, مالية, مآخذ, معاملة اسلامية, فقه مقارن