Al Bayhaqi Method At Justification of Difference Through His Book Controversies "Al-Khelafeat" Applied Theory Study
Date
1444-07-09
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Qassim University
Abstract
منهج البيهقي في الإعلال بالاختلاف من خلال كتابه الخلافيات، دراسة نظرية تطبيقية.
رسالة مقدمة لنيل درجة الدكتوراه في السُّنَّة وعلومها، إعداد الباحثة: عايدة بنت حسن بن غانم الردادي، إشراف الأستاذ الدكتور: بندر بن نافع العبدلي.
يهدف البحث إلى: بيان منهج الإمام البيهقي في الإعلال بالاختلاف، وذلك من خلال دراسة الأحاديث التي أعلها البيهقي بالاختلاف في كتابه «الخلافيات»، وقد اشتملت الدراسة على مائة وستين حديثًا، منها: مائة وأربعون حديثًا أعلّ أسانيدها، وعشرون حديثًا أعلّ متونها.
وقد اشتمل البحث على: التعريف بالاختلاف، وأهمية معرفته، وأثره في إعلال الأحاديث، وعلى التعريف بالإمام البيهقي ، وبكتابه «الخلافيات»، وبيان منهج البيهقي في عرض الاختلاف، وبيان الوجه المعلول، وقرائن الترجيح التي يوازن بها عند الاختلاف، في كلا قسمي الاختلاف، وتخريج ودراسة الأحاديث التي أعلها بالاختلاف في الإسناد، والمتن، دراسة حديثية من حيث جمع الطرق، وبيان أوجه الاختلاف على الراوي، وبيان الوجه الراجح من المرجوح، والحكم على الحديث من وجهه الراجح.
والخاتمة، وفيها أبرز النتائج، ومنها:
- إن كتاب الخلافيات ليس مرجعًا من مراجع كتب العلل الأصلية، إلا أنه احتوى على الكثير من الأحاديث المعلة.
- أظهرت الدراسة موافقة الإمام البيهقي للأئمة النقاد في ترجيحاتهم بين أوجه الاختلاف، ولم يخالفهم إلا في حديثين، وقد رجحهما من باب قبول زيادة الثقة.
- لم يلتزم البيهقي بطريقة مطردة في عرض أوجه الاختلاف، وفي بيان الوجه المعلول، فأحيانًا يطيل في بعض الأحاديث، وأحيانًا يختصر، وقد يُعِلّ الإسناد فقط، وقد يعل المتن فقط، وقد يعل الإسناد والمتن معًا، وقد يذكر نوعًا من أنواع الاختلاف، وقد يذكر أكثر من نوع من أنواع الاختلاف في الحديث الواحد، وكل ذلك بحسب ما وقع في الحديث من علل.
- تنوُّع قرائن الترجيح التي استعملها البيهقي في الترجيح بين أوجه الاختلاف، وأكثر القرائن التي استعملها: الترجيح بالكثرة، والترجيح بالحفظ، والاختصاص بالراوي، ووجود متابع للمدار، أو للراوي عن المدار.
Al-Bayhaqi's Approach on “Al-I’lal bi Al-ikhtilaf” through his book Al-Khilaifat, an applied theoretical study. A thesis submitted to obtain a doctorate degree in the Sunnah and its sciences, prepared by the researcher: Aida bint Hassan bin Ghanem Al-Radadi, supervised by Prof. Dr.: Bandar bin Nafeh Al-Abdali. The research aims to: Explanation of Imam al-Bayhaqi’s approach on al-I’lal bi al-ikhtilaf, by studying the hadiths that al-Bayhaqi had marked to be unsound fot the cause of al-ikhtilaf in his book “Al-Khilaifat”. The study included one hundred and sixty hadiths, of which he had marked the chain of transmission of one hundred and forty to be unsound, and had marked the text of the remaining twenty to be unsound. The research included: the definition of Al-ikhtilaf, the importance of having the knowledge of it, and its impact on the status of the hadiths. It also included a biography of Imam Al-Bayhaqi, and review of his book “Al-Khilaifat”. The research also included an explanation of Al-Bayhaqi’s approach on showcasing al-ikhtilaf, and showcase of the unsound part, and the presumptions of weighting with which he balances within al-ikhtilaf in its two sections. The research also presented a study of the hadiths that were marked to be unsound from the part of the chain of transmission, and then the hadiths that were marked to be unsound from the part of the text. The study was hadithiyah in terms of collecting the paths, clarifying the differences on the narrator, clarifying the most correct aspect of the narrator, and judging the hadith from its more correct view. Then the conclusion, which included the most important results: The book of “Al-Khilaifat” is not considered to be an original reference within the original books of ‘ilal, however, it contains many of the hadiths that are considered to be unsound. The study showed that al-imam al-Bayhaqi approves the scholars of criticism in their preferences between the sides of al-ikhtilaf, and he disagreed with them only in two hadiths, and he preferred them in terms of accepting increased confidence. Al-Bayhaqi did not adhere to a steady method in presenting the differences, and in explaining the unsound aspect. Sometimes he lengthily clarifies the statues of some hadiths, and sometimes he summarizes. In some times he may mark the chain of transmission to be unsound, and in other times he would mark only the text to be unsound, and in different times he may base both the chain of transmission and the text to be unsound, and he may mention one type of ikhtilaf, and he may mention more, and all of this is according to the ‘ilal that occurred in the hadith. The variety of presumptions of weighting that al-Bayhaqi used in weighing al-ikhtilaf, and most of the presumptions he used: weighting by multitude and abundance, weighting by memorization, al-ikhtisas bil-rrawi, and the presence of a follower of the orbit of the hadith, or the narrator on the orbit.
Al-Bayhaqi's Approach on “Al-I’lal bi Al-ikhtilaf” through his book Al-Khilaifat, an applied theoretical study. A thesis submitted to obtain a doctorate degree in the Sunnah and its sciences, prepared by the researcher: Aida bint Hassan bin Ghanem Al-Radadi, supervised by Prof. Dr.: Bandar bin Nafeh Al-Abdali. The research aims to: Explanation of Imam al-Bayhaqi’s approach on al-I’lal bi al-ikhtilaf, by studying the hadiths that al-Bayhaqi had marked to be unsound fot the cause of al-ikhtilaf in his book “Al-Khilaifat”. The study included one hundred and sixty hadiths, of which he had marked the chain of transmission of one hundred and forty to be unsound, and had marked the text of the remaining twenty to be unsound. The research included: the definition of Al-ikhtilaf, the importance of having the knowledge of it, and its impact on the status of the hadiths. It also included a biography of Imam Al-Bayhaqi, and review of his book “Al-Khilaifat”. The research also included an explanation of Al-Bayhaqi’s approach on showcasing al-ikhtilaf, and showcase of the unsound part, and the presumptions of weighting with which he balances within al-ikhtilaf in its two sections. The research also presented a study of the hadiths that were marked to be unsound from the part of the chain of transmission, and then the hadiths that were marked to be unsound from the part of the text. The study was hadithiyah in terms of collecting the paths, clarifying the differences on the narrator, clarifying the most correct aspect of the narrator, and judging the hadith from its more correct view. Then the conclusion, which included the most important results: The book of “Al-Khilaifat” is not considered to be an original reference within the original books of ‘ilal, however, it contains many of the hadiths that are considered to be unsound. The study showed that al-imam al-Bayhaqi approves the scholars of criticism in their preferences between the sides of al-ikhtilaf, and he disagreed with them only in two hadiths, and he preferred them in terms of accepting increased confidence. Al-Bayhaqi did not adhere to a steady method in presenting the differences, and in explaining the unsound aspect. Sometimes he lengthily clarifies the statues of some hadiths, and sometimes he summarizes. In some times he may mark the chain of transmission to be unsound, and in other times he would mark only the text to be unsound, and in different times he may base both the chain of transmission and the text to be unsound, and he may mention one type of ikhtilaf, and he may mention more, and all of this is according to the ‘ilal that occurred in the hadith. The variety of presumptions of weighting that al-Bayhaqi used in weighing al-ikhtilaf, and most of the presumptions he used: weighting by multitude and abundance, weighting by memorization, al-ikhtisas bil-rrawi, and the presence of a follower of the orbit of the hadith, or the narrator on the orbit.
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Keywords
منهج, البيهقي, الخلافيات, الإعلال بالاختلاف
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