SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Sustainable Waste Management of Date Palm Fronds in Saudi Arabia: Pyrolysis-Derived Biochar Integration into Construction Materials for Carbon Sequestration(Saudi Digital Library, 2024-09) Shaiban, Saad; Scott, BanksThis study focuses on integrating biochar derived from date palm fronds into cement production in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KSA), to optimise carbon sequestration (CCS) and reduce carbon emissions. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research combines quantitative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using SimaPro software with qualitative sustainability analysis through the Bioeconomy Sustainability Indicator Model (BSIM) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators. Phase 1 compares the environmental impact of traditional open combustion versus pyrolysis for biochar production, revealing that pyrolysis significantly reduces carbon emissions from 3.5 tons CO₂-equivalent per ton of waste to 646 kg CO₂-equivalent. This substantial reduction supports Riyadh's climate goals and aligns with KSA’s Vision 2030 sustainability objectives. Phase 2 evaluates the integration of biochar into cement mortar, showing that a 20% substitution of cement with biochar reduces emissions by 24.81 kg CO₂-equivalent per ton of mortar, potentially saving up to 1,796 million tons of CO₂-equivalent annually based on current cement production levels. The sustainability analysis using BSIM highlights benefits such as job creation and economic growth while identifying transportation logistics risks and production efficiency risks. Additionally, the study assesses contributions to SDGs, particularly in climate action, sustainable cities, and responsible consumption and production. The study recommends optimising the supply chain, investing in advanced pyrolysis technology, and supporting market development through policy incentives. Future research should focus on the long-term performance of biochar, explore additional applications in agriculture and water treatment, and further integrate biochar into sustainable construction practices. This research provides valuable insights for advancing sustainable waste management and construction practices in Riyadh, contributing to climate action and supporting regional and global sustainability efforts.11 0Item Restricted A systematic Review of the Consequences of Parents’ Divorce and Challenges of Raising Children between Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom(Bangor University, 2024) Qahtani, Wasmmih Nayef; Margiad, WilliamsAbstract Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the emotional, psychological, and social effects of parental divorce on children in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia as well as the challenges parents face in parenting after divorce in the two cultures. Methodology: A pragmatic research paradigm was adopted for conducting a systematic review. Literature relevant to the project was then identified, screened, and assessed in line with the PRISMA framework. The approach was a mixed-methods one, using qualitative findings, and supported with quantitative data. The assessment of key themes was conducted through narrative analysis. Results: The children in the UK brought up in an emotionally expressive climate have significant emotional and behavioural issues post-divorce. Saudi children, especially girls, however, are taught to suppress emotions as a cultural norm. Co-parenting challenges are different, with UK laws favouring shared custody but lacking emotional safeguards, and Saudi laws favouring paternal custody and limiting involvement. Conclusion: The experiences children have after a divorce are shaped by cultural values and legal systems and therefore need context specific support strategies. Keywords: Divorce, children, co-parenting, UK, Saudi Arabia, culture, emotional impact4 0Item Restricted Environmental Design and Thermal Comfort in Urban Courtyards Within Different Urban Design Patterns in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-05) Alosimi, Turki; Gadi, MohamedUrban open space design and patterns play a vital role in shaping the microclimate of outdoor environments, significantly influencing user comfort and activities. In a harsh arid environment like that of Saudi Arabia, creating high-quality, thermally comfortable outdoor urban spaces is critical. However, studies have highlighted the lack of detailed policies for the environmental planning and design of outdoor urban spaces in Saudi cities, particularly in Makkah, contributing to increased thermal discomfort. This research investigates the influence of alternative urban design patterns on the microclimate and thermal comfort of outdoor urban spaces in Makkah, as an example of a city in a hot-arid climate region. Using three types of courtyard at Umm Al-Qura University (semi-enclosed, partially-open with a canopy, and fully-enclosed), the study analyzes key urban design parameters, namely, orientation, aspect ratio, tree coverage, and mist system density and examines their impact on air temperature, RH, WS, mean radiant temperature (MRT) and physiological equivalent temperature (PET). Field measurements were conducted during extreme summer and winter conditions, with meteorological data outside the courtyards recorded for 10 days and microclimatic conditions inside each courtyard monitored for 48 hours. Numerical modelling using ENVI-met software was then used to simulate a series of proposed scenarios (seven for orientation, three for aspect ratio, five for tree coverage, and three for misting), which were then assessed against the base case data to identify the most effective options in each case. The findings reveal that the impact of the design parameters varies by courtyard type. Orientation adjustments had the greatest influence on the fully-enclosed courtyard, where a 135° rotation reduced daily PET by 0.39°C in summer through improved shading. In contrast, the partially-open courtyard benefitted most from orientation changes that enhanced airflow, reducing PET by 0.15°C in winter. Aspect ratio changes were particularly effective in the semi-enclosed courtyard, where increasing the height-to-width ratio to 0.75 H/W lowered PET by 1.08°C in winter and 0.41°C in summer, due to enhanced shading, without significant airflow restriction. The fully-enclosed courtyard and the partially-open courtyard with the structural canopy benefitted more from the lowest aspect ratio (0.25 H/W), as this enhanced airflow and reduced PET. In winter, the most significant PET reduction occurred in the fully-enclosed courtyard with a low aspect ratio (0.25 H/W), achieving a daily PET reduction of 1.34°C, driven by an increase in WS of 0.66 m/s. Tree coverage was found to provide substantial cooling across all courtyard types, with 30% coverage reducing PET by 2.34°C in summer and 2.78°C in winter in the fully-enclosed courtyard. The semi-enclosed courtyard experienced a PET reduction of 1.46°C in summer, while the partially-open courtyard with the canopy showed more moderate reductions due to the pre-existing shade. High-density mist systems (2-meter intervals) proved most effective in reducing PET during summer, with the semi-enclosed courtyard showing the largest reduction of 7.61°C, followed by the fully-enclosed courtyard at 6.98°C. However, excessive humidity in enclosed spaces during winter required balancing mist density to prevent discomfort. These findings are used to develop actionable urban design guidelines for architects and urban designers to promote the efficient use of orientation and aspect ratios to optimise shading and airflow and to ensure that tree coverage and mist systems are utilised most effectively. Recommendations for policy-makers are also provided to create a holistic framework to support the use of urban design to enhance outdoor thermal comfort in Makkah. This research therefore contributes to sustainable urban planning in hot-arid climates by offering practical strategies to reduce thermal stress and mitigate rising temperatures caused by climate change. At the local level it offers solutions to create more comfortable outdoor environments in Makkah and in other Saudi cities, aligning with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030. At an international level, the findings will also be of benefit in other regions which experience similar climatic conditions.24 0Item Restricted THE IMPACT OF AIRBNB ON TRADITIONAL HOTELS IN JEDDAH , SAUDI ARABIA(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-07-22) Albalawi, Salma Mohammed; Samaradheera, AmaThis study explores the impact of Airbnb on traditional hotels in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. With the rise of the sharing economy, platforms like Airbnb have introduced new competition to the hospitality sector. The research aims to understand how hotels are affected by Airbnb’s presence and how they are adapting to remain competitive. The study is based on secondary data, including reports, articles, and case studies. No primary data such as interviews or surveys was collected. The research addresses four main questions: how traditional hotels are responding to Airbnb, the differences in guest experiences between Airbnb and hotels, Airbnb’s influence on the local economy and regulations, and how hotels can improve to compete more effectively. Findings reveal that while Airbnb has not significantly impacted hotel occupancy rates in Jeddah, it offers competitive advantages such as lower prices, larger spaces, and a more local experience particularly appealing to families and younger travelers. Traditional hotels, on the other hand, maintain strengths in professional service, cleanliness, and safety, especially valued by business travelers. The study concludes that hotels in Jeddah must adjust their strategies by enhancing their guest experience, incorporating local cultural elements, and using more flexible pricing models. Furthermore, implementing regulations for Airbnb could help level the playing field and support fair competition in the hospitality market.8 0Item Restricted How Does Judicial Control Impact the Enforcement of Articles 5 and 6 of Saudi Arabia's Competition Law: A Legal and Institutional Analysis(Saudi Digital Library, 2024) Mansouri, Ahmad; Grzejdziak, LukaszWith an emphasis on anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominance, this dissertation investigates the function of judicial control in upholding Articles 5 and 6 of Saudi Arabia's Competition Law. The study examines the relationship between the judiciary and the General Authority for Competition's regulatory enforcement procedures. The study uses institutional critique, case law review, and doctrinal analysis to assess how well judicial oversight preserves fair competition in Saudi marketplaces. It also considers the impact of Sharia law, which molds Saudi Arabia's legal environment, and how it interacts with contemporary competition laws. The research identifies key challenges in judicial control, including the presumption of validity of administrative decisions, the complexity of competition cases, and the limited transparency in GAC decision-making processes. The study finds that while judicial oversight is an essential check on the GAC’s authority, the current enforcement framework could benefit from reforms to increase transparency, improve the separation of powers within the GAC, and enhance judicial expertise in competition law. Recommendations are provided to strengthen the alignment between Sharia principles and modern competition law, ensuring fairness and efficiency in enforcement. This dissertation contributes to the broader understanding of how judicial control can ensure accountability in enforcing competition laws while navigating the dual demands of modern le-gal practices and traditional Islamic principles.3 0Item Restricted A Web Content Analysis of Saudi Arabia’s Health Education Websites, Promotion, and Physical Activity: A quantitative evaluation of the accuracy, transparency, readability, navigability of the internet-based information and materials about cardiovascular diseases websites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-03-15) ALBEHIJI, AFNAN; DR JANICE LEWISBackground Inadequate information, education and awareness concerning CVD are the reasons for the limited availability of CVD screening and management resources (WHO, 2021). The ability to access reliable CVD information online can help inform patient decisions regarding treatment and improve early detection rates. It is important to ensure that websites contain valid and reliable information about CVD. Research on the quality of the information provided by CVD websites in Saudi Arabia is limited, which is the research gap this study addresses. Aim To evaluate the accuracy, transparency, readability, and navigability of English-language websites that provide CVD information to patients in Saudi Arabia through quantitative research. Method The research method adopted in this study is a quantitative evaluation of 40 websites obtained from the first three pages of Google, Yahoo, and Bing. This study employed a screening tool as a questionnaire to collect data that was later analysed and presented using tables, charts, and descriptive statistics. Findings The .com domain websites were the most frequent (n=12) (30%) closely followed by those with a. med domain (n=11) (27.5%). Analysis of Accuracy score revealed that (n=26) websites had a score of zero, while (n=9) websites scored 72.72%, (n=1) website scored 31.81%, (n=1) website scored 18.18% and (n=1) website scored 4.54%, (n=2) websites scored 36.36%. Overall, 70% (n=28) of sample websites indicated transparency greater than 70%. All 40 websites analysed were found to have good navigability in finding information related to CVD. The readability results highlight the average text level of the sampled websites is “easy”. Conclusion and Recommendation The study showed fluctuating levels of accuracy, transparency, readability, and navigability among the sample websites. Health professionals should have visibility into the latest websites with the highest standards to ensure patient decisions will be more informed and improved overall outcomes. This research also provided information that can be utilised to guide policymakers and stakeholders in Saudi Arabia in accordance with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 strategic development plan.10 0Item Restricted Exploratory research into Tourism Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia, An anthropological Perspective into the socio-cultural environment.(Manchester Metropolitan University, 2025) Maghrabi, Jamal; Argyriou-Roberts, EliaThis dissertation investigates the socio-cultural dimensions of tourism entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia through an anthropological lens, situating the analysis within the transformative context of Vision 2030. As the Kingdom transitions from a rentier economy to a diversified, innovation-driven model, tourism has emerged as a key sector for economic growth. Drawing on qualitative, desk-based methods and grounded in the anthropology of entrepreneurship, this study explores how religious values, gender norms, family and tribal networks, and broader cultural systems influence entrepreneurial behaviour in the tourism sector. The research identifies six key socio-cultural determinants—religious values, gender dynamics, family/tribal affiliations, rentier state legacies, regional variations, and labour policy reforms—and interprets them through conceptual frames such as entrepreneurialization, ethno-preneurship, moral entrepreneurship, and the commodification of identity. Findings reveal that while Vision 2030 has opened new spaces for innovation and inclusivity—particularly for women and youth—entrepreneurs continue to navigate deeply rooted cultural constraints and shifting moral landscapes. The study highlights both the enabling and limiting effects of informal institutions like wasta and et-moone, as well as the tensions between tradition and market logic. Ultimately, this research argues that tourism entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia is an economic phenomenon with an embedded process of identity negotiation and social transformation. It offers strategic implications for policymakers, educators, and practitioners seeking to cultivate inclusive, context-sensitive entrepreneurial ecosystems. By foregrounding culture in economic development, the dissertation contributes to a richer understanding of how entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia adapt, resist, and redefine their socio-economic realities in a time of profound national change.9 0Item Restricted The Impact of Tourist Influx on the Quality of Life of Local Resident in Saudi Arabia(Bournemouth university, 2025) Albalawi, Abeer; Hande, TurkogluThis research explores the impact of tourist influx on the quality of life (QoL) of local residents in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on the social, economic, environmental, and psychological dimensions of this relationship. The study is grounded in the context of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, which positions tourism as a key driver of economic diversification and national development. While tourism offers opportunities for growth, it also raises concerns regarding social equity, environmental sustainability, and cultural transformation particularly in high- density religious tourism destinations like Mecca. The study adopts a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research design to address these gaps. Primary data will be collected via a structured electronic survey distributed to a random sample of residents from both urban and rural areas across Saudi Arabia. Secondary data from governmental and academic sources will supplement this analysis. The methodology is supported by Social Exchange Theory and the Bottom-Up Spillover Model, enabling a theoretical framework to assess the perceived benefits and costs of tourism on local populations.3 0Item Restricted Role of the Workplace Diversity in Enhancing Employee Performance and Innovation in Project Management: A Case of Saudi Arabia(De Montfort University, Leicester, 2025) Alotaibi, Saud Shaman; Dibia, ChineduThis study investigates the role of workplace diversity in enhancing employee performance and fostering innovation within project management environments in Saudi Arabia. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys conducted across multiple sectors. Findings reveal that inclusive and diverse teams significantly contribute to creativity, collaboration, and overall performance in project-based settings. The study highlights the need for diversity management strategies to achieve competitive advantage and project success, particularly in culturally diverse environments like Saudi Arabia.28 0Item Restricted Risk Management and Resilience in Civil Engineering Megaprojects in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study Of Sindalah Island Resort(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-04) Alali, Hatim; Patel, ImranThis research study investigated the relationship between risk management and resilience in the success of civil engineering megaprojects in Saudi Arabia. Using the Sindalah Island Resort as a case study, the study employed the qualitative research approach, open-ended questionnaire to collect data through a Key Informant Interview, and the thematic analysis method, and findings indicate that leadership styles, technological tools, real-time monitoring are crucial to managing risk and recovering from delays and disruptions in megaprojects.23 0