SACM - Spain
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14154/68029
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Item Restricted Design, development and evaluation of a laser-induced optical emission spectrometer for remote characterization of solid samples.(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alshlwi, Salha Mansour; Vadillo, Jose MiguelLaser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a versatile technique for rapid and nondestructive elemental analysis of solid materials. Its ability to operate under stand-off conditions makes it highly attractive for applications involving hazardous, moving, or inaccessible samples. However, optimizing LIBS instrumentation for remote characterization remains challenging, particularly regarding laser–plasma interaction, light collection efficiency, and spectral quality. This Master’s Thesis presents the design, development, and evaluation of two LIBS system configurations. The setups differed mainly in the laser source employed, while the optical collection system remained identical. This strategy was intended to address the analysis of both fixed and moving samples and to provide practical insight into the design and assessment of stand-off LIBS instrumentation. The spectrometer components—including laser source, beam delivery optics, fiber-bundle light collection, spectrometer, and detector—were integrated and tested. The developed system was applied to galvanized steel (Zn/Fe) samples to demonstrate depth profiling and interfacial detection capabilities. Additionally, a comparative study between two optical collection configurations (2-fiber and 19-fiber bundles) was performed to evaluate signal intensity, stability, and reproducibility under stand-off conditions. The results confirm that both system configurations enable reliable elemental analysis, with clear identification of interfacial layers and consistent signal acquisition. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed LIBS setups as flexible tools for industrial and scientific applications requiring remote characterization of solid samples.4 0Item Restricted MARTA HOTEL(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) alomair, abdullah; Domenech, RuthThis master’s thesis presents a comprehensive business plan for Martaa Hotel, a four-star urban social hotel concept located in Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a culturally significant destination aligned with Saudi Vision 2030. The project aims to redefine contemporary hospitality by integrating modern design, sustainability, cultural authenticity, and community engagement within a single hospitality concept. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining industry analysis, market research, benchmarking, and financial feasibility assessment to evaluate the viability of the proposed hotel. The research explores key aspects including hotel concept development, market segmentation, competitive positioning, operational planning, revenue management strategies, and sustainability initiatives. Special emphasis is placed on guest experience, cultural immersion through regional Saudi design elements, and the integration of technology to enhance operational efficiency and service personalization. Findings indicate strong market potential for an urban social hotel in Diriyah, driven by increasing domestic and international tourism, government investment in tourism infrastructure, and a growing demand for experiential, sustainable, and community-oriented hospitality offerings. Financial projections demonstrate that Martaa Hotel is economically viable, with positive profitability indicators and long-term growth potential supported by effective pricing strategies and diversified revenue streams.6 0Item Restricted ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE GULF COUNTRIES: AN INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2024) Barqawi, Omamah; Turró, Andreu; Urbano, DavidOver the contemporary years, multiple nations in the Middle East, notably the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, with a particular focus on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), have started significant economic transformations, implementing reforms concentrated on entrepreneurship, innovation, and research. Entrepreneurship is a critical economic catalyst that the KSA government has integrated into its extensive economic planning. Thus, researchers and policymakers have demonstrated particular interest in comprehending this phenomenon. The primary purpose of this research is to explore how the institutional environment affects entrepreneurial activity in Saudi Arabia. The methodology applied uses mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative research is based mainly on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data. These data are complemented with other sources of information, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Doing Business project database. The statistical technique used in the thesis is logistic regression. The qualitative method involved a systematic literature review and in-depth semi-structured interviews. The articles selected for inclusion in the systematic literature review were identified based on their presence in the Web of Science database's Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). The primary source of information for the interviewees was the Saudi Arabia Chambers of Commerce. Furthermore, this research draws upon two distinct theoretical frameworks: Institutional Theory and Human Capital Theory. This research's main findings illustrate how different institutional factors (formal and informal) influence entrepreneurial activities in the GCC, particularly in Saudi Arabia. The institutional environment plays a significant role in shaping entrepreneurial activities in this region, which is characterized by heavy dependence on a single source of income. Additionally, these findings underline how these factors restrict or provide entrepreneurs with opportunities. This thesis contributes to the existing literature by investigating understudied factors within the field, potentially advancing Institutional and Human Capital Theory. Examining the interplay between institutional factors and entrepreneurship in the GCC, particularly in Saudi Arabia, provides valuable understanding to enhance existing frameworks and stimulate further academic exploration. The findings guide policymakers and entrepreneurs, informing strategies to boost regional entrepreneurial growth.5 0Item Restricted MEDIA AND CLIMATE CHANGE: RISK COMMUNICATION IN THE DIGITAL MEDIA IN SPAIN AND SAUDI ARABIA(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Almajnuni, Abrar; García, BertaThis dissertation explore media discourse on climate change in Spain and Saudi Arabia, comparing how both countries communicate climate risks. The main objective of this study is to analyze media discourse on climate change in the media of Spain and Saudi Arabia. Six online newspapers, three from Spain and three from Saudi Arabia, are analyzed. Communication strategies take on a crucial role as they allow the complex scientific information on climate change to be translated into practical and useful knowledge for the public and policy makers. The study use mixed data collection and analysis strategy is chosen with methodological triangulation, content analysis, survey and in-depth interviews. The results of this study are expected to establish a foundation for future research directions.21 0Item Restricted AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE CURRENT SITUATION OF SAUDI PRINT NEWSPAPER IN THE DIGITAL ERA: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alharthi, Fahad Saud; Castellon, Babnon; Dolores, MariaPrint Journalsm in ine Kingaom ol saudi Aradia, as in most pars ol tne woria, taces unprecedented challenges due to the rapid digital transformations that have reshaped the entire media landscape. The widespread and accelerated adoption of digital platforms and social media has led to a significant decline in newspaper readership, as well as a notable reduction in advertising and commercial revenues. These developments raise fundamental questions about the future of print journalism and its capacity to survive in an increasingly dynamic and digitally driven media environment. In response to these shifts, the present study aims to provide a comprehensive and scientific analysis of the current state of Saudi print journalism in light of the digital revolution. The research explores the transformations experienced by this sector, investigates the challenges it currently faces, and anticipates potential opportunities that may help enhance its sustainability and adaptability to ongoing changes. The study was guided by three main and interrelated objectives. The first objective was to examine the impact ot digital plattorms on saudı print journalısm through the analysıs ot several intluentia factors, hiefly economic, professional, and human, that play a central role in shaping the current landscape of journalism and its capacity to adapt to the transformations imposed by the digital age. The second objective focused on analyzing the economic repercussions resulting from the significant decline in revenues from advertising, distribution, and marketing, particularly over the last decade, during which the print sector experienced substantial contraction. The third objective explored the professional consequences of this decline, assessing its impact on human resources within journalistic institutions, including journalists, editors, and administrators, and evaluating the extent to which these changes are associated with digital transformation in terms of both statistical significance and practical effect. To achieve these goals, the study employed a mixed-methods research approach using a sequential explanatory design. The first phase consisted of quantitative data collection through a structured 13 questionnaire administered to a random sample of 225 employees working across three of the Kingdom's most prominent newspapers: Okaz, Al-Jazirah, and Al-Rivadh. These newspapers were purposefully selected for their wide circulation, broad and diverse readership, and dual-format (print and dıgıtal) publishing, making them an ideal model for examining the evolution of print journalism in the digital era. Following the analysis of quantitative data using appropriate statistical methods, the research transitioned into its second phas, qualitative inquiry. This involved conducting semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 30 participants drawn from the original pool of respondents who had indicated their willingness to take part in the follow-up phase. The aim of this qualitative component was to deepen the interpretation of the quantitative results and to provide richer insight into the professional and social contexts that shape the lived realities of ournalists in Saudı Arabia The study's findings demonstrated that the Saudi print journalism sector is undergoing a significant decline in both readership and public engagement, accompanied by a continuing drop in advertising revenues and mounting difficulties in sustaining viable economic models. Moreover, the research uncovered a substantial knowledge and skills gap among some journalists regarding the use of digital media tools, a deficiency that diminishes the sector's competitiveness and hampers its ability to adapt to a changing environment. At the same time, the study also revealed that print newspapers still retain a symbolic and formal role in certain institutional settings, especially in relation to government announcements and official communications, which allows them to preserve some of their traditional functions. Notablv. the research identitied several promising opportunities to enhance the sustainabilitv of print journalism in the Kingdom. These include adopting hybrid publishing models that integrate both print and digital formats; developing engaging, interactive multimedia content; expanding visibility and influence on social media platforms; diversifying revenue streams through subscriptions, digital services, and partnerships; and strengthening collaboration with governmental, educational, and technological institutions. Building on these insights, the study concludes with a set of practical, evidence-based recommendations aimed at guiding the print journalism sector through this period of transformation. These recommendations include adopting a freemium digital model that offers both free and premium content, enhancing public engagement through innovative digital marketing strategies, investing in journalist training programs focused on digital literacy and multimedia production, offering novel advertising incentives, and supporting government policies that reinforce the visibility and distribution of print newspapers within institutional frameworks. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of preserving the cultural, historical, and documentary legacy of print journalism as an essential component of the nation's collective memory. In conclusion, this study represents a significant academic contribution to understanding the profound transformations currently reshaping the media environment in Saudi Arabia. It offers a reliable foundation for the formulation of balanced and future-oriented media policies and paves the way for future studies aimed at examining how traditional media institutions and wider society can effectively adapt to the realities of the digital era.37 0Item Restricted The role of social media in cultural awareness among Saudi University students(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alqarni, Muhsen Mudhhi; Bañon, CastellónThis era is characterised by rapid development in technology and communication, which has led to many rapid changes locally and globally. This study investigates the role of social media in shaping cultural awareness among university students in Saudi Arabia. The investigation explores the interferences and opportunities of social media in cultural and social development in Saudi Arabia. The research uses mixed methods to analyse the responses of QRR Saudi university students and ST interviews conducted with university professors. It found that social media dramatically enhances students' cultural interaction and educational engagement. It increases the level of harmony in society and facilitates communication with specialists and official cultural accounts. The work addressed individual, political, economic, and cultural interferences on social media, which affect cultural awareness. It recommends combating information distortion and extremism. Moreover, activating the role of educational institutions, improving systems to monitor misleading content, and increasing diverse cultural content could lead to critical use and cooperation with others to promote diversity, exchange, and meaningful dialogue.15 0Item Restricted Citizen Translation in the Arab World: How Citizens’ Needs Are Met Through Non- Professional Translation in the Dissemination of Knowledge(The Autonomous University of Barcelona, 2024) Binomirah, Ghadah; Marta Arumi Ribas, Anna Gil-Bardají andThe phenomenon of citizen translation in the Arab world is emerging as a critical force in the dissemination of knowledge and cross-cultural communication. With the advent of Web 2.0 technologies and social media, bilingual citizens, driven by a sense of social responsibility and activism, are increasingly contributing to the translation landscape without formal training. This research addresses the gap in understanding how citizen translators influence the availability of Arabic content online and shape the socio-political discourse in the region. By employing a constructivist grounded theory methodology, this study investigates the motivations behind citizen translators' involvement, their impact on the professional translation field, and the broader implications for translation studies. The study involved qualitative data collection through in-depth interviews with active citizen translators across various online platforms. Data analysis revealed that these individuals often operate out of a commitment to preserving and promoting cultural identity and bridging the information gap in underserved fields such as philosophy, political science, and non-Western media. The research found that citizen translation is not merely a supplementary activity but is becoming a significant force that challenges traditional notions of translation professionalism and academic discourse. The findings suggest that citizen translation contributes to a democratization of knowledge, enabling broader access to information and participation in global dialogues. The study proposes a new theoretical framework that situates citizen translation within the larger context of socio-political activism and digital content creation. This framework offers insights into how non-professional translators can influence both the quality and quantity of translated content available in Arabic, shaping the cultural and intellectual landscape of the Arab world. The implications of this study extend beyond translation studies, offering a lens through which to understand the evolving role of digital media and grassroots movements in knowledge production. It highlights the need for further research into the socio-economic impacts of citizen translation and its potential to transform both local and global communication networks. Keywords: Digital Arabic content, translation, Web 2.0 tools, online content, Arabic language, content creation15 0Item Restricted Evolución y cambios en la producción de los contenidos digitales gubernamentales: el caso de la comunicación pública e institucional en Arabia Saudí(Complutense Madrid University, 2024-10-18) Alnajrani, Hasan Mansour A; Mateo, Raquel Caerols; Lorenzo, Francisco Cabezueloتدرس هذه الأطروحة التطور والتغيرات في إنتاج المحتوى الرقمي الحكومي، مع الإشارة بشكل خاص إلى حالة الاتصالات العامة والمؤسسية في المملكة العربية السعودية، وذلك باستخدام أساليب جمع البيانات. ومن أشهر الجامعات التي تدعمها الحكومة السعودية الجامعة الإسلامية التي تضم ما يقرب من 85% من طلابها من خارج المملكة. وقد تم تطبيق أساليب تحليل المحتوى الرقمي على هذه الجامعة. وقد تم الحصول على نتائج سلسلة من المقابلات مع مديري ستة من مديري إدارات الاتصال في المؤسسات الحكومية وشبه الحكومية السعودية، وأخيراً تم إعداد استبيان شارك فيه 111 مستجيباً. كان المحور الرئيسي لهذه الدراسة هو إنتاج المحتوى الرقمي داخل إدارات الاتصال في المؤسسات الحكومية في المملكة العربية السعودية في سياق ظهور منصات التواصل الاجتماعي. وتواجه الحكومات تحدياً يتمثل في تصميم محتوى رقمي يتكيف مع احتياجات المواطنين نتيجة لتلك المنصات. فحوالي سبعين في المئة من السعوديين هم دون سن الثلاثين من العمر، ولهذا السبب تحتاج الحكومة إلى تطوير إدارات الاتصال والإعلام من أجل تقديم محتوى يتوافق مع المستخدمين بعيداً عن المحتوى الرسمي والبيروقراطي. وبالإضافة إلى استكشاف العوامل المؤثرة في إنتاج المحتوى الرقمي في العصر الرقمي، تحدد هذه الأطروحة الحلول التي يمكن أن تساعد الحكومات في تلبية احتياجات المواطنين الراغبين في معرفة الخدمات الحكومية وتوفير المعلومات المفيدة للمساهمة في زيادة المعرفة والحد من نشر المعلومات الخاطئة. وقد تم تقسيمها إلى قسمين رئيسيين لغرض التحليل والمناقشة. أولاً، العوامل الداخلية التي أدت إلى ثلاثة عوامل رئيسية: نقص الكتّاب المحترفين، وعدم وجود خطة لإنتاج المحتوى الرقمي، وإنتاج المحتوى الرقمي باستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي. ثانياً، كانت هناك عوامل خارجية أدت أيضاً إلى ثلاثة مخاوف رئيسية: الرؤى الحكومية، والتوظيف والتدريب، وفهم القادة لدور الإعلام. في هذه الأطروحة، أزعم أن إنتاج المحتوى الرقمي في الحكومة يحتاج إلى تطوير مستمر من أجل تلبية متطلبات المواطنين من المعلومات، خاصة في ظل ظهور تطبيقات جديدة للإعلام الرقمي. لذلك، تجادل الأطروحة أنه في سياق الحكومات في العصر الرقمي، نحتاج إلى التفكير بشكل مختلف حول ما يشكل إنتاج المحتوى الرقمي.36 0Item Restricted Designed and trained fuzzy systems in colour and imaging applications(UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALÈNCIA, 2024) Almutairi, Khleef Khalaf; Gómez, Samuel Morillas; Carmona, Pedro LatorreThis thesis uses fuzzy logic to provide solutions to problems in the areas of image smoothing and display characterization. The research is divided into two main areas: image processing and display technology. In the realm of image processing, we present novel colour image denoising frameworks that integrate fuzzy inference systems (FIS) with eigenvector analysis. This approach addresses the challenge of removing Gaussian noise while preserving image quality and details. By converting images from the RGB domain to an eigenvectorbased space, we extract relevant local information to dynamically adjust the denoising process. The FIS uses this information to determine the appropriate intensity of smoothing, recognizing that homogeneous areas may require more aggressive treatment than detailed regions. The effectiveness of our methods is validated through various image quality metrics and visual comparisons against state-of-the-art techniques, demonstrating superior performance in noise removal while maintaining original image details. The second part of the thesis focuses on display characterization, investigating the application of trained fuzzy inference systems to accurately reproduce colours across LCD, OLED, and QLED displays. By utilizing device-dependent RGB data and device-independent XYZ coordinates, as well as the xyY colour space, we assess the performance of our models. Although the use of the xyY colour space showed lower performance, the focus remains on the XYZ colour space, where we develop models that not only achieve high accuracy but also offer interpretability, providing valuable insights into display behaviour. Although we include other machine learning methods like neural networks for experimental comparison, the focus remains on fuzzy models. We evaluate the effectiveness of our models using the ΔE00 visual error metric. Our findings demonstrate that the Fuzzy Modeling and Identification (FMID) method strikes an optimal balance between accuracy and interpretability, offering the potential for future display calibration and optimization strategies. We employ both designed fuzzy systems, based on expert knowledge in the image processing realm, and fuzzy systems trained from data, which are particularly useful when data is available instead of expert knowledge. We apply data-driven approaches specifically in display characterization. The concluding insights underscore the importance of fuzzy systems, not only for their accuracy but also for their interpretability, which offers valuable perspectives for future advancements in image processing and display characterization. This research contributes to the ongoing development of more efficient and accurate techniques for image enhancement and colour reproduction in modern display technologies.13 0Item Embargo TWITTER PUBLIC AND DIGITAL DIPLOMACY BY THE UNITED STATES IN SAUDI ARABIA(SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, 2024) NAJMI, HUSSAIN ABDU; García, José SixtoThis thesis examines the effectiveness of U.S. public and digital diplomacy on Twitter. The research highlights significant communication challenges due to cultural and political differences. Negative comments hinder effective dialogue, underscoring the need for strategy revisions and increased engagement to improve the U.S. image. The embassy relied heavily on consensus-building strategies to promote cultural and educational relations and convey messages aligned with the U.S. vision. The second most common strategy was a media-based approach, focusing on one-way communication. The study also found that the U.S. The embassy heavily relies on hashtags to organise and classify posts on the X platform. The research found that hashtags are essential in increasing visibility and engagement with posts by facilitating their discovery and interaction. Two types of hashtags were identified: content-specific hashtags that clearly describe the topics and trending hashtags that help increase post visibility and boost likes and comments. Additionally, the embassy sometimes uses tweet threads to explain large and complex topics, such as U.S. positions on international issues or to elaborate on the history of U.S.-Saudi relations, enhancing storytelling and gradual information delivery. Regarding comments and relationship-building, the findings showed weak interaction with the embassy's posts, and most comments were negative, reflecting significant challenges in convincing the public of the messages conveyed by the U.S. Embassy. Despite the limited engagement with the embassy's posts, this may reflect dissatisfaction with certain U.S. policies among the public.68 0
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