SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
Browse
8 results
Search Results
Item Restricted The Effect of Green Tea Supplementation on Overweight and Obese Women of Reproductive Age (18–50 Years): A Systematic Review(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Almutairi, Omar; Sue, Azam-AliBackground: Overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age pose substantial health risks. Green tea (GT), rich in catechins such as epigallocatechin-3- gallate, has been proposed as an adjunct to lifestyle interventions for weight management. However, evidence across studies, mainly due to variability in dose, formulation and co-interventions, remains inconclusive. Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of GT supplementation on anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in women of reproductive age 18–50 years who suffer from overweight/obesity. Methodology: A systematic search (2010 onwards) of PubMed and MEDLINE (Ovid) identified 663 records; after removing 286 duplicates, 377 titles/abstracts were screened and 50 full texts assessed. Seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria (women 18–50 years, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²; GT tablets/capsules/powder; 4–12 weeks). The primary outcomes were changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC); secondary outcomes included lipid profile, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Results: Across the seven RCTs (n = 255), GT supplementation was associated with modest reductions in body weight (−1.8 to −5.7 kg) and BMI (−0.7 to −1.8 kg/m²), with some evidence of decreases in WC. Effects were most pronounced when supplementation was combined with structured exercise. Trials prescribing isocaloric, energy-restricted diets to both groups often showed minimal between-group differences, underscoring the primacy of energy deficit. Effects on triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein were heterogeneous and often aligned with training rather than GT itself; fasting glucose generally showed no meaningful between-group differences. Conclusion: GT supplementation appears to provide small but potentially meaningful benefits for weight management in overweight and obese women of reproductive age, particularly when combined with exercise. However, heterogeneity in dose, intervention design and study quality limits definitive conclusions. Larger, longer-term RCTs are required to determine whether these short-term benefits translate into sustained improvements in anthropometric and cardiometabolic health.10 0Item Restricted Exploring the attitudes, beliefs, barriers, and facilitators to the uptake of and adherence to exercise and physical activity among Saudi women diagnosed with coronary artery disease: a qualitative study(University of Leeds, 2025) AlSabei, Zainab; Horne, Maria; McHugh, GretlIntroduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death among women in Saudi Arabia. However, women often underestimate their CAD risk. Physical activity (PA) is an integral part of secondary prevention of CAD. PA is known to lower mortality rates and improve the quality-of-life among individuals with established CAD. PA levels vary between different ethnicities and genders. In Saudi Arabia, the percentage of women meeting the PA recommendation is as low as 10%. Despite the low prevalence rate among Saudi women in general, little is known about their PA habits post-diagnosis of CAD. Aim: To explore attitudes, beliefs, barriers, and facilitators to the uptake of and adherence to exercise and PA among Saudi women diagnosed with CAD. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was undertaken. Thirty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted between June 2024 and November 2024, sixteen with Saudi women diagnosed with CAD and sixteen with healthcare professionals. The theoretical domain framework informed the data collection and data analysis, which was undertaken using framework analysis. The findings were fed into the COM-B model and the behavioural change wheel (BCW) to identify a potential intervention to promote PA uptake and adherence among Saudi women post-CAD diagnosis. Findings: Nine themes and subthemes were identified from both datasets. Religious and sociocultural influences were highlighted as a main theme as women reported familial and social obligations take priority over being physically active, and discussed the effect of the lack of exercise during their upbringings on their ability to uptake and adhere to exercise and PA. Other themes discussed knowledge gap, social and professional support and the perceived barriers and facilitators to being physically active. Conclusion: This study has provided an insight into the experience of Saudi women diagnosed with CAD with exercise and PA. Identified facilitators and barriers were used to develop a potential PA-promoting intervention to improve overall health and well-being, which was visually illustrated in a logic model featuring the intervention’s key ingredients, based on the findings of the application of the COM-B model and BCW.18 0Item Restricted Investigating cybercrime amongst female students in Saudi Arabia and identifying how social work can respond to the challenges(Univeersity of Birmingham, 2024) Aldoweekh, Tarfa; Fillingham, Joy; Cooner, Tarsem SinghExisting literature has suggested that there is a need for Saudi Arabia’s social work sector to address cybercrime against women as an emerging social issue. Cybercrime has been steadily rising in Saudi Arabia, and studies have shown that young women are more likely to be the victims. There are, however, this study is the first qualitative study that explore the issue of cybercrime in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of both social workers and the people that they support. This study therefore offers a contribution to the existing literature by critically investigating the role social workers in the university context play, in supporting female students with cybercrime. The research used an interpretative qualitative approach, conducting 30 semi- structured interviews with 15 female social worker participants, and 15 female student participants. The results of the study found that cybercrime against young women was very common, yet few of the students had sought out the help of social workers. The research identified that one of the most significant barriers to young female students seeking out the help of social workers in cybercrime related issues, was a fear of shame or familial punishment. The study also explored how the nature of social work in Saudi Arabia is shaped by the culture and origins for the country This has implications for both young women encountering cybercrime and highlights limitations of ethical and effective social work practice as it is experienced in Saudi Arabia at present. The study also sought to explore how these findings could be applied to wider Saudi Arabian society, particularly in relation to the topic of female agency and gender norms in Saudi Arabia. and how this information could be used to improve and solidify the social work profession in Saudi Arabia.24 0Item Restricted NAVIGATING BARRIERS: WOMEN'S CAREER ADVANCEMENT IN SAUDI ARABIA POST-VISION 2030(University of Birmingham, 2024-09) Bakadam, Lina; Cai, MinjieThis dissertation investigates the barriers to women’s career advancement in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in particular, within the context of economic and social changes driven by Vision 2030. The introduction highlights the importance of understanding these barriers as the Kingdom aims to empower its citizens and diversify the economy. The methodology chapter explains the systematic approach to extracting data, quality assessment, and thematic analysis of current literature, uncovering main themes to understand the career advancement of women. The findings emphasise the persistent challenges women encounter, which include cultural expectations, gender disparity, and a lack of support within the workplace. While there is a gradual improvement to empowerment, women remain challenged by a complex landscape of organisational and societal challenges. The discussion chapter integrates the findings with relevant theoretical frameworks, providing insights into recommendations for future research and practical implications targeting the enhancement of women’s role within Saudi society.26 0Item Restricted Prevalence and Risk Factors of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection in Saudi Arabia: An Extended Literature Review(SWANSEA UNIVERSITY, 2024-09-21) AlKhuraym, Nasser; Pockett, RhysAbstract The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a considerable public health risk worldwide, including in Saudi Arabia, where around 358 women are diagnosed each year, resulting in 179 fatalities due to HPV-related malignancies. More than 10.7 million women aged 15 and older are susceptible to HPV infection and its related malignancies. The prevalence of HPV among women in Saudi Arabia is estimated at 2.5%, with HPV-related malignancies constituting 72.4% of cases in the region. Sexual practices constitute a significant risk factor for HPV infections. Aim This comprehensive literature analysis seeks to evaluate the prevalence of HPV and its notable risk factors in women aged 12 to 40 years in Saudi Arabia. Methods The review methodology adhered to PRISMA recommendations, emphasising inclusion criteria for papers containing primary and secondary data for individuals at risk for HPV. The review utilised the POE framework for database searches, extracting data from 8 electronic databases, including Educational Research Information Centre (ERIC), Academic Search Complete, PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), SCOPUS, Science Direct, and Web of Science. The CASP critical appraisal technique was employed to evaluate the risk of bias in the selected studies. Results Eleven papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 90% being cross-sectional and one being a cohort study. The prevalence rates of HPV in Saudi Arabia varied between 5.9% and 31.6%. Principal risk factors encompassed insufficient understanding of HPV vaccination, the knowledge of healthcare providers, and sociodemographic variables. Identified effective strategies included educational programs, regular HPV screening, and focused public health initiatives. Conclusion The review finds that HPV is a complex concern with diverse risk factors shaped by regional and sociodemographic variables. Additional investigation is required to examine the influence of sexual behaviours and sociodemographic factors on HPV transmission. This will facilitate the formulation and execution of public health policies to enhance HPV prevention and health outcomes in Saudi Arabia.31 0Item Restricted Entrepreneurship dynamics for women entrepreneurs' inclusion in emerging markets: a case study on Saudi Arabia(University of Glasgow, 2024-05-16) Alzahrani, Eidah; Keston-Siebert, Sabina; Gordon, JillianThis study explored the ways in which institutions affect women that either support or hinder their entrepreneurial endeavours and considers how women can leverage these institutions to their advantage. Few studies have focused on women entrepreneurs' interactions in their local economic and social contexts (Cavallo et al., 2018). This study explores the role of institutions in women's entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia amidst COVID-19 and post-pandemic. The data collection for this study utilised multiple methods including: conducting interviews with (31) Saudi women and (6) institutional representatives; remote observation of entrepreneurial events and document analysis. A thematic analysis approach was adopted to examine the data and identify recurring patterns and themes within the discussion. This research examines the intricate relationship between institutions and women's entrepreneurial activities. Through analysing how institutions can influence and be influenced by women, this research has uncovered the potential for mutual benefits and opportunities that exist within this dynamic. The study utilises complementary frameworks integrating institutional impact and identity play as theoretical lenses with a ‘multi-level model’ (McAdam et al., 2019) and ‘do context framework’ (Baker and Welter, 2020) to gain a better understanding of how entrepreneurs interact with their contexts. This study makes a crucial contribution by emphasizing the pivotal role that women entrepreneurs have in shaping society, offering invaluable insights, and acting as a catalyst for empowering women in the field of entrepreneurship. The decisions they make, the risks they take, and their resilience in the face of challenges are influenced by beliefs, faith, self-worth, confidence, tenacity, self-awareness, risk-taking, adaptability, autonomy and independence, determination, and self-empowerment. Such attributes serve as the defining characteristics of their entrepreneurial journey. The importance of institutional influences is highlighted by the constantly changing environment in which these women operate, thus illustrating their significance. By examining the connection between women and institutions in the field of entrepreneurship, this research provides valuable insights of the complex mechanisms that influence women's interactions and highlight the transformative power of women entrepreneurs to shape institutions and society. Thus, through the development of a multidimensional theoretical framework, it illustrates the continuous interaction between entrepreneurs and their environments in a continual cycle. Through this, women have influenced family, cultural norms and institutional policies in subtle ways. The study describes bidimensional process influences and leverages their contexts to make entrepreneurial decisions, providing a framework for further research.47 0Item Restricted Gender and intersectionality: Understanding and Addressing Women's Mental Health and Mental Health Policy within the Cultural Context of Saudi Arabia(University Of Glasgow, 2024-02-06) Alghamdi, NadiaAhmed Alhamd; Melville, CraigBackground: Intersectionality concerns the interconnected nature of social categories (e.g., race, gender, age, education) and how these ‘intersect’ to produce privilege and oppression. In the current context, this helps to understand women's mental health in socially disadvantaged positions, especially how intersections among gender inequality and factors such as socioeconomic status contribute to women’s mental health inequalities and experiences. Yet this remains an under researched area. This study’s overarching aim concerns understanding Saudi Arabian women’s mental health disorders, risks, challenges, and issues. For this, it has three objectives: to review the effects of intersectionality on this group within extant quantitative literature; to identify and explore the significant interactions among variables relating to this population’s social disadvantage and mental ill-health (e.g., gender and the risk of depression); and to analyse Saudi Arabia’s current mental health policy and gender equality. This study’s more specific aims involve furthering understanding of the effects of content, context, and actors behind mental health policies and programmes on Saudi women to help address their mental health needs. It takes the form of three studies. Study 1. This systematic review investigated quantitative methods used to study the intersectionality of multiple social disadvantages in women with common mental disorders. It reviewed studies on the intersectional effects of gender with multiple social disadvantages from the PROGRESS-Plus inequity framework and examined the quantitative methods these studies employ. The most common and means of studying intersectionality in mental health studies in the included studies was statistical interaction analysis. Other methods such as multilevel modelling and mediation decomposition analysis were also used. These robust statistical methods facilitate research on intersectional effects on mental health and improve understanding of the complex intersection of gender and other social disadvantages concerning women’s risk of common mental disorders. Study 2: This study analysed the National Survey of Saudi Food and Drug Authority dataset, a nationally representative sample of individuals aged 18–88 in Saudi Arabia (3,408 participants: 1,753 males and 1,655 females). Evaluating variable risks of depression using the PHQ-2 screening questionnaire, it found significant correlations between depression risk and the variables of gender, education, family income, and employment status. Although a subsequent multivariate analysis found the only significant predictors of depression risk to be female gender and education below the bachelor level. No interaction effects were observed, implying an additive effect of gender and education on the risk of depression. Study 3: This study analysed Saudi Arabia's mental health policies and gender equality. Using Walt and Gilson's health policy analysis framework, it highlights the need to address gender inequalities in the country's mental health policies. It provides evidence-based mental health policy recommendations relating to women in Saudi Arabia about enhancing their mental health and well-being and establishing an equal health system. Conclusions: Examining women’s mental health through an intersectionality lens can help policymakers address Saudi Arabian women’s mental health issue . To reduce inequalities, advances must be made in women’s education, training, employment, socioeconomic status, access and participation, equality, and overall independence. However, this must take place within a wider targeted and tailored reform agenda (legal, policy, political, PR, cultural, religious, economic, careers, educational) within which women must actively participate. Urgent inclusive, deep, and far-reaching intersectional initiatives, adjustments, research and reforms are needed to elevate Saudi women’s circumstances, experiences, and mental health and thereby address the current issue and ultimately improve society overall.50 0Item Restricted "Oh misery!": Wordsworth's Representation of Female Wanderers in Lyrical Ballads(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-23) Alomari, Mona Qlayel; Watt, JimThis dissertation explores Wordsworth's experimental representations of women in light of the marginalized experiences they are compelled to undergo. They are represented as having marginalized identities, indicating how female figures are far from gaining an acknowledgment of their humanity and sympathy for their suffering from society. These images refer to the poet's purpose of challenging his readers ethically by posing questions that are hard to answer. In this study, I find it appropriate to analyze the intertextual reading between the poems due to its significance in highlighting Wordsworth's poetic genius that depicts women in an innovative and experimental approach. Chapter 1 focuses on how the female character Martha Ray in "The Thorn" is portrayed as a gothic subject with an eerie existence. The aim is to demonstrate how males' prejudiced beliefs against this female figure dehumanize her. In Chapter 2, I explore the protagonist's voice in "The Mad Mother", which is represented in a dramatic monolog depicting a disordered mental state with an excessive maternal passion. This leads readers to a deceptive perplexity, prompting them to question their biases against those with mental disorders. Chapter 3 explores "The Complaint of a Forsaken Indian Woman". This poem presents the titular character as a figure with a universal human instinct to live rather than suffer stoically. The poem introduces the Native American culture as barbaric and degraded because it ignores the sufferings of women. Therefore, these poems throw up questions rather than merely provide easy resolutions, thereby encouraging readers to critically consider an ethical response to these issues.25 0