SACM - Egypt
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9653
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Item Restricted A Health Education Program for Patients Suffering from Diabetic Foot at Diabetic Center in King Fahad Hospital(Helwan University, 2024) Abdulaal, Kholoud; Abd ElMohsen, Afaf SalahDiabetic foot refers to a foot complication that arise as a result of diabetes, due to prolonged high blood sugar levels which impair blood flow and nerve function. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education program for patients suffering from diabetic foot at diabetic center in king Fahad hospital. Research design: A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Sample: Purposive sample include 140 patients with diabetic foot. Setting: It was conducted at diabetic center at king Fahad hospital, Saudia Arabia. Tool: Two tools, 1st tool: included four parts: 1st part: Demographic characteristics of patients, 2nd part: Medical history of patients, 3rd part: Patients’ knowledge, and 4th part: Patients’ reported practices about diabetic foot, 2nd tool: Observation checklist questionnaire included two parts: 1st part: Neurological foot assessment and 2nd part: Peripheral vascular assessment. Results: The study result revealed that, 5.3 % of studied patients had good total knowledge pre apply health education program, become 77.2 % of them had good total knowledge post apply health education program. While 90.5 % of studied patients had unsatisfactory with total reported practices pre apply health education program become 92.0 % of them had satisfactory total reported practices post apply health education program. Conclusion: Patients’ knowledge, and reported practices about diabetic foot improved post apply health education program. Recommendations: Continuous an educational program for patients regarding diabetic foot care in another place2 0Item Restricted A novel motivation for the unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation through random inputs(Saudi Digital Library, 2024) Albalawi, Sami M; M.A. Shohaly and M.E. FaresWe investigate the stochastic unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation through bi-random sources. Specifically, we solve this equation via Itô sense, with the parameter following Laplace and Gumbel distributions. We provide vital stochastic solutions in applied sciences. We employ He’s semi-inverse technique in order to provide these solutions in a unified way. Actually, this is the first time that the same model has been taken into account in these circumstances. In order to investigate the real relevance of the stochastic unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we provide the simulations for some of the collected solutions using the appropriate parameter settings provided by the MATLAB software. Finally, our renewed drive might expand to incorporate further emerging natural science models.25 0Item Restricted Assessment of Exposure to Ergonomic Occupational Hazards among Intensive Care Nurses at Riyadh Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) AlShaibani, Meshal; Elsayed, Amel AhmedBackground: Ergonomic hazards are a major occupational health concern in intensive care units (ICUs), where nurses perform physically demanding tasks such as patient lifting, repositioning, and repetitive procedures. These demands place ICU nurses at high risk for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), which can impair work performance, reduce quality of care, and increase absenteeism. Aim: This study aimed to assess exposure to ergonomic occupational hazards and musculoskeletal discomfort among ICUs nurses in the Riyadh Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted among 136 ICUs nurses at King Saud Medical City using three tools: a demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire, the Quick Exposure Check observational checklist, and a musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire. Data were collected over four weeks and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Findings showed that 56.6% of participants were female, and 85.3% held a bachelor’s degree. Most nurses (82.4%) worked 12-hour rotating shifts, and 81.6% had attended ergonomic training. Back movement and static posture are generally low risks, but high-risk exposure was noted for the wrist (70.6%) and shoulder (55.1%), with moderate risk for the neck (44.9%). During the past 12 months, 67.6% of nurses reported MSDs, mainly lower back pain (68.4%), neck pain (64.7%), and shoulder pain (30.9% right, 25.7% left). Work limitations due to MSDs affected 30.9% of participants. Conclusion and Recommendations: Intensive care nurses face considerable ergonomic risks and a substantial burden of MSDs. Implementing comprehensive ergonomic programs, assistive devices, optimized shift schedules, and continuous monitoring is recommended to safeguard nurses’ musculoskeletal health2 0Item Restricted Assessment of Low Versus High Doses of Radioiodine in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Using Gamma Camera(Mansoura University, 2025) Alosaimi, Maram; Salahaldein, HosamThyroid cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the thyroid gland. The thyroid makes hormones that help regulate your metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a type of thyroid cancer where the cancer cells, when viewed under a microscope, look similar to normal thyroid cells. It's the most common type of thyroid cancer, with the majority of cases being either papillary or follicular thyroid cancer. DTC is generally slow-growing and treatable, with good prognosis in most cases. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects of low and high doses of radioactive iodine in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). To achieve this goal, 100 adult patients with thyroid cancer who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy received either 1.1 GBq (30 mCi) or 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) of radioactive iodine (I-131). The patients were classified as low or intermediate risk based on the American Thyroid Association (ATA) criteria. In Saudi Arabia, data were retrospectively collected from multiple nuclear medicine centers, with an equal number of male and female patients selected, having an average age of 40.72 ± 11.49 years. After radioactive iodine therapy (RIT), thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were below 10 ng/mL in both groups, with 72% in the high-dose group and 66% in the low-dose group. No significant therapeutic difference was observed in treatment efficacy for individuals classified as low and intermediate risk. Statistics indicated that the success rate of RIT ablation with low doses was nearly equivalent to that of high-dose ablation (82%). This research demonstrated that both low and high-dose ablation effectively reduce Tg levels and achieve successful ablation. Therefore, low-dose RIT ablation is recommended over high-dose ablation for patients with low or intermediate-risk thyroid cancer. The secondary objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between age (45 years) as a predictive factor and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging in thyroid cancer patients who underwent radioactive iodine treatment six months prior to staging. This peer study included 100 thyroid cancer patients, 70% female and 30% male, who underwent thyroid surgery. Patient data were categorized into two groups: the mean age of the first group (G1 ≥ 45 years) was 52.641 ± 65.895 years, while the mean age of the second group (G2 <45 years) was 31.037 ± 6.193 years, according to TNM stages. RIT risk factors were classified as high, low, or very low. The p-values for T-stage and N-stage were 0.7338 and 0.9668, respectively. The data indicated no statistically significant association between G1 and G2 in individuals with direct thyroid cancer during the T and N stages. However, the M-stage with a p-value of 0.0026 at M0 indicated a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Age at diagnosis is one of the most reliable indicators for direct breast cancer staging. Alongside conventional risk indicators (tumor size, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and treatment), an age threshold of 45 years compared to 55 years or older may play a more modest role in stratifying cancer-specific risk and mortality in cases of DTC.22 0Item Restricted Attitudes of Saudi Journalists Towards the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Developing Digital Content Industry(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Asiri، Essa; Allban، SharifThe study aims to explore the attitudes of Saudi journalists towards the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in developing journalistic content, focusing on its success, positive and negative impacts, challenges faced, and the skills required for its effective use in Saudi newspapers and websites. This study falls under descriptive research, which aims to analyze and interpret journalists' attitudes toward adopting AI in digital journalism, helping to understand its impact on content development in the Kingdom. The study uses a media survey methodology, relying on the collection and objective analysis of data to provide an accurate description of the phenomenon, offering a clear picture of the impact of AI on Saudi journalism. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to Saudi journalists working in electronic newspapers and magazines, using a stratified sample to ensure representation of all editorial departments. The researcher relied on a field survey questionnaire to collect and analyze data, aiming to understand journalists' attitudes toward AI in developing digital content. The study is based on the theory of "Electronic Multiple Logic Theory," "Diffusion of Innovation Theory," and the "Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology" as its theoretical framework. The study results indicate that the vast majority of journalists have sufficient knowledge of AI technologies used in journalism, with 96.5% of participants, representing 386 individuals from the total sample, confirming this, while only 3.5%, or 14 individuals, reported not having sufficient knowledge of these technologies. The data also show that more than half of the sample (53.2%) believe that AI is essential for developing digital content, with 28% of participants, or 112 individuals, strongly agreeing, and 25.2%, or 101 individuals, agreeing to a lesser degree. Additionally, 96.5% of journalists, or 386 individuals, confirmed that their journalistic institutions use AI technologies in their work, while 3.5%, or 14 individuals, reported not using these technologies. Chatbots emerged as the most widely used AI application, representing 18% with 289 choices, followed by data collection and analysis at 16.1% with 258 choices, and breaking news identification at 16% with 258 choices. The primary challenges journalists face when using AI are related to the quality of results, with 26.3% of participants (389 choices), followed by cost factors at 26.1% (385 choices), and lack of sufficient expertise at 25% (369 choices), reflecting the need for training programs to enhance journalists' efficiency in employing these technologies. The study reveals a clear variation in AI adoption among Saudi news websites. For instance, "Al-Riyadh" and "Okaz" show noticeable reservations, as more than half of the content on "Al-Riyadh" still relies entirely on traditional journalists. Meanwhile, "Sabq" adopts a more open approach by integrating AI into editorial processes to improve production speed and analysis without replacing journalists. "Al-Watan" primarily uses these technologies for translation and proofreading, placing it in a middle position between reservation and openness. All sites rely on news agencies to ensure accuracy, but "Sabq" and "Al-Riyadh" are more open to digital content, while "Okaz" and "Al-Watan" lean more toward traditional journalism. In terms of journalistic formats, "Sabq" and "Al-Watan" excel in using visual content and infographics, while "Al-Riyadh" and "Okaz" focus on analytical articles. Economic and technological topics dominate, but "Sabq" and "Al-Watan" highlight digital transformations, while "Al-Riyadh" and "Okaz" tend toward political and social issues, reflecting differences in editorial strategies between caution and openness to AI technologies. The study recommends the following: (1) the need to organize specialized training courses and educational programs for journalists to enhance their abilities in dealing with AI technologies, including analyzing journalistic data, editing content with AI assistance, and using digital news verification tools to ensure content accuracy; (2) journalistic institutions should adopt strategies that ensure the integration of AI with journalistic work without replacing the human element, using it as a supportive tool to enhance productivity and support journalistic analysis while maintaining the human and creative touch in media content creation; (3) investment in developing AI technologies used in journalistic institutions to ensure the accuracy and quality of outputs, capable of producing content that meets the standards of journalistic accuracy and objectivity, while minimizing the need for intensive editorial revisions; (4) newspapers like "Al-Riyadh" and "Okaz," which are more reserved, should consider integrating AI technologies into editorial processes and proofreading, maintaining human oversight to ensure accuracy and credibility; (5) newspapers already using AI, like "Sabq" and "Al-Watan," could expand its use in data analysis and crafting interactive reports to increase production speed; (6) encouraging newspapers to rely more on AI in news verification, especially when using content from social media platforms; (7) "Okaz" and "Al-Watan" can explore more digital sources, as "Sabq" and "Al-Riyadh" do, to ensure broader and faster news coverage.55 0Item Restricted Automatic Classification of Thyroid Tumors for Women Based on Artificial Intelligence Models for Ultrasound Scans(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) ALKHAMSAN، Hassan Saleh; Elsayed، Rezk Mostafa Ibrahim; Elgarayhi، Ahmed; Medhet، TamerThyroid cancer arises in the thyroid gland when its cells begin to grow uncontrollably. The thyroid gland is essential for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. Thyroid cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth in the thyroid gland, poses significant health risks. This study presents a novel diagnostic model for distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid tumors in ultrasound images by integrating a transferred EfficientNetB0 model with a new parallel deep convolutional neural network (CNN). The methodology involves preprocessing using Anisotropic Diffusion Filtering (ADF) for noise reduction, followed by feature extraction via deep CNNs. A refined classification model, developed through feature selection and dimensionality reduction, is trained and validated using a dataset of 1137 ultrasound images. The proposed system achieves an accuracy of 92.28% and an F1-score of 92.76%, demonstrating its effectiveness in assisting clinical diagnosis. Comparative complexity analysis further validates its robustness in addition to visual analysis tool (spider graph) that provides additional insights. The results demonstrate the potential of deep learning (DL) models in improving the reliability of thyroid cancer diagnosis, aiding clinicians in decision-making processes and reducing the risk of misdiagnosis.2 0Item Restricted Breast Tumors AI-Based Early Identification using Screening Mammography for Adult Women(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Almansour, Tareg Mohammed H; Abdelrazek, Elmetwally M; Elgarayhi, Ahmed; Medhet, TamerEarly detection of breast cancer (BrC) is one of the best strategies to prevent the disease's spread. This makes an autonomous diagnosis system based on deep learning (DL) attractive for improving the accuracy of detection and prediction. This study suggests employing transfer DL models to categorize BrC from mammograms. Furthermore, to identify BrC detection architectures, transfer DL models are applied to various well-known convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Three CNNs (NasNetMobile, EfficientNet-b0, and MobileNetV2) are adjusted in particular ways before being used. All systems use two types of optimizers: root mean square propagation (RMSP) and adaptive moment estimation (ADAM). The EfficientNet-b0 network attains 96.45% accuracy, 96.63% sensitivity, and 97.18% F1-score when using the ADAM optimizer. The experimental results demonstrate that EfficientNet-b0 outperforms other sophisticated CNN techniques and offers a number of advantages. Additionally, EfficientNet-b0 obtained an F1-score of 96.00%, a sensitivity of 96.55%, and an accuracy of 95.04% utilizing the RMSprop optimizer. To sum up, this work improves the identification of BrC for adult women by applying transfer DL models to digital mammography scans. The best-performing CNN among the three (NasNetMobile, EfficientNet-b0, and MobileNetV2) was EfficientNet-b0 optimized with ADAM and RMSprop. These results show how these structures could improve healthcare and increase the accuracy of BrC detection.15 0Item Restricted Business Administration(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-01-09) Alenzi, OmarThis study aimed to reveal the impact of organizational energy on organizational commitment among employees of the Saudi Telecom Company in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, by applying it to a sample of 434 individuals from employees of the Saudi Telecom Company in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the study found a significant correlation between all dimensions of both organizational energy and organizational commitment. The regression coefficient was also used and the results showed a significant positive impact of organizational energy on organizational commitment in general, as well as a significant positive impact of organizational energy dimensions on each dimension of organizational commitment. Finally, the results showed significant differences in the opinions of the study sample regarding organizational energy due to gender differences at a significance level of 0.01. It also became clear that there were significant differences in the opinions of the study sample regarding organizational commitment due to differences in income levels at a significance level of 0.01, while there were no significant differences in the opinions of the study sample regarding organizational energy due to differences in educational level, experience or income level at a significance level of 0.05. There were also no significant differences in the opinions of the study sample regarding organizational energy due to differences in educational level, experience or income level at a significance level of 0.05. The study sample on organizational commitment is due to differences in gender, educational level, or experience at a significance level of 0.05.7 0Item Restricted Civil liability for breach of private employment in Saudi law(Assiut University, 2024) Almuawi, Sultan; شلقامي, شحاتهDefinition of the employment contract legally. The Saudi Civil Transactions Law defines the employment contract as: “A contract in which one party commits to perform work for the benefit of the other under his supervision and management in exchange for a wage6 0Item Restricted Civil liability for illegal credit card inquiries (comparative study)(Assiut University, 2024-03-10) Alotaibi, Saud; العتيبي، سعود; عزب، حماد مصطفى; شلقامي، شحاته غريبThe credit card is one of the modern means of payment, which has achieved many advantages for all its parties. For the customer, it is a credit tool that enables him to obtain cash liquidity within a pre-determined limit. It also enables him to obtain many of the goods and services that he needs in exchange for paying for them in the form of Instalments, in addition to that, it avoids the risks of carrying money, and for the merchant, it is a means that works to increase the volume of sales, without bearing the risks that result from establishing his credit system, that is, it saves him the cost of private credit and avoids the troubles of difficult debts for customers. As for the source, the credit card is one of the means of increasing profitability, as the issuer receives interest in exchange for the credit granted to the customer. In addition to the annual renewal commission, this is in addition to the commissions it charges from the merchant according to the value of the invoice. Banks issuing credit cards also aim to obtain indirect benefits from the increase in the number of customers who deal in its name and frequent it, and then resort to it in completing their banking business. This will ultimately lead to increasing the bank's profitability, thus maximizing the owners' wealth58 0Item Restricted CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF HYALURONICACID SURFACE TREATMENT VERSUS SANDBLASTED ACID ETCHED SURFACE TREATMENT ON STABILITY OF DELAYED DENTAL IMPLANT IN POSTERIOR MAXILLA (COMPARATIVE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL)(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) ALKASHI, SHIHANAH YOUSEF AHMED; Mounir, Ragia Mohamed; Gieasa, Mohammed Kadry NasrThis randomized clinical trial evaluated the stability of delayed dental implants in the posterior maxilla, comparing hyaluronic acid surface treatment to sandblasted acid-etched surface treatment. Twenty patients, aged 18-60, were divided into two groups: Group A (hyaluronic acid) and Group B (acid-etched sandblast). Implant stability was measured at baseline and three months postoperatively using AnyCheck devise implant stability. Additionally, soft tissue healing and bone density were assessed through clinical examination and CBCT scans, respectively. Results indicated no significant difference in AnyCheck scores between the two groups at baseline and three months. However, within-group analysis showed a significant increase in AnyCheck scores for the acid-etched sandblast group after three months, while the hyaluronic acid group did not exhibit significant changes. Bone density measurements revealed no significant differences between the groups at any time point, though the acid-etched sandblast group showed significant improvement over time. Implant success rates were 70% for the hyaluronic acid group and 100% for the acid-etched sandblast group, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. In conclusion, while both treatments are effective, sandblasted acid-etched implants demonstrated superior stability and bone density improvement over time compared to hyaluronic acid-treated implants.11 0Item Restricted CLINICAL PREDICTION RULES FOR THE SEVERITY OF FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS(Cairo University, 2024) Alharbi,Naif; Abd El-Mageed,Salwa; Elkhozamy,HamedBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), is a chronic degenerative joint pathology with a global prevalence of 22.9% in individuals aged 40 and over. It is a leading cause of disability and poor quality of life worldwide due to musculoskeletal pain and functional limitations. Purpose of the study: This study aimed to investigate and identify the clinical prediction rules for the severity of functional disability in KOA. Subjects and Methods: Eighty patients with KOA from both genders were recruited for this study. Every patient has been assessed using a dynamometer to test the isometric strength of the quadriceps, hip adductors, abductors, and external rotators muscle groups. Besides, inclinometer to assess hamstring flexibility by Straight Leg Raising test, iliotibial band flexibility by Ober’s test. It was used the Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC) Arabic version to assess knee functional disability and the visual analogue scale (VAS) to measure pain intensity. Results: Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that the most significant predictors of severity of functional disability in knee osteoarthritis were isometric hip abductors group strength test, followed by pain intensity, then functional disability, and the quadriceps muscle strength and then the isometric hip external rotators group strength, with p-value (p<0.05); while the iliotibial band flexibility, hamstring flexibility and hip adductors group strength were insignificant predictors, with p-value (p>0.05). Conclusion: Hip abductors strength, pain intensity, functional disability quadriceps muscle strength, and hip external rotators strength are significant predictors of KOA progression. These factors should be closely monitored and targeted in clinical practice to effectively manage and potentially slow the progression of KOA. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, Clinical prediction rules, Severity, Functional disability4 0Item Restricted Clinical Utility of Cytokeratin in The Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Hepatitis C Virus Patients(Helwan University, 2024) Alhaddad, Mahdi; El-Kassas, MohamedObjectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and a global health problem. It is often diagnosed at advanced stage where hopeless for effective therapies. Identification of more reliable biomarkers for early detection of HCC is urgently needed. Cytokeratins are a marker of hepatic progenitor cells and act as a key player in tumor invasion. Herein, we sought to develop a novel score based on the combination of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) with routine laboratory tests for accurate detection of HCC. Material & Methods: Serum CK18, CK 19, α-fetoprotein, albumin and platelets count were assayed in HCC patients (75), liver cirrhosis patients (55) and healthy control (20). Areas under receiving operating curve (AUCs) were calculated and used for construction on novel score. A novel score named CK-HCC = CK 19 (%)×0.001+ CK18 (%)×0.004 + AFP (U/L)×5.4 - Platelets count (×109)/L×0.003 – Albumin (g/L)×0.27–36 was developed. CK- HCC score produces AUC of 0.919 for differentiating patients with HCC from those with liver cirrhosis with sensitivity and specificity of a cut-off 1.3 (i.e., less than 1.3 the case is considered cirrhotic, whereas above 1.3 it is considered HCC. Conclusion: CK-HCC score could replace AFP during screening of HCV patients and early detection of HCC.8 0Item Restricted Communication Satisfaction, Job Satisfaction and its Influence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Nurses at King Faisal Specialized Hospital, Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alharbi, Ali; Abo Habieb, Elthara Elsayed; Kassem, Awatef HassanBackground: Nursing requires competence, compassion, and genuine commitment to patient caregiving. Communication satisfaction among nurses is a vital component of effective healthcare delivery, significantly impacting both nurse performance, job satisfaction and patient outcomes. Because nurses deliver care to patients on behalf of hospitals, hospitals should enhance the spontaneous organizational citizenship behaviors of front-line nurses to increase patient satisfaction and, hence, to increase the competitiveness of the hospital. Aim: to evaluate the communication satisfaction, job satisfaction and its influence on organizational citizenship behavior among nurses at King Faisal Specialized Hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Method: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design, conducted at all inpatient departments of King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Madinah in Saudi Arabia, on 191 staff nurses, using Tool I: Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire, Tool II: Nurses Job Satisfaction Scale, and Tool III: Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (OCB Scale). Results: around 41.4% of the studied nurses had a low level of communication satisfaction, nearly two-thirds (62.8%) of the studied nurses had a moderate level of job satisfaction, nearly half (43.5%) of the studied nurses reported a low level of organizational citizenship behavior, there was highly statistically significant positive correlation between communication satisfaction, and job satisfaction (r=0.466, p=<0.001), and positive correlation between communication satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior (r=0.813, p=<0.001). Conclusion: it was concluded that communication satisfaction has a significant relationship with both job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses. The study revealed highly statistically significant positive correlations between communication satisfaction and job, communication satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Recommendations: Investigate mediating and moderating variables such as organizational climate, leadership styles, workload, and personal characteristics that may influence the studied relationships.2 0Item Restricted Comparison of Physical and Radiobiological Parameters between External Beam Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy for Pelvic Tumors Treatment(جامعة المنصورة, 2025) سبحي, محمود سليمان محمود; عبدالرزاق, المتولي محمودRadiation therapy (RT) plays a vital role in the treatment of various tumors. Depending on the organ with the tumor, RT can be applied internally or externally. This study targets the pelvic tumors treated with external RT and/or internal RT (brachytherapy). Hence, the comparison between intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and brachytherapy planning performance is carried out in this work to evaluate the RT physical parameters considering the clinical results of pelvic tumors treated patients RT planning was done for 30 patients with pelvic tumors who received radical IMRT treatment and brachytherapy modality on the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS). Dosimetric evaluation metrics are estimated to compare the two methods in terms of HI, CI, CN, PITV, TCI, and QF in the context of physical parameters assessment. Both methods give better dose homogeneity and conformity to the tumor. In addition, the brachytherapy method covered targets cells with higher radiation doses than IMRT treatment. Statistically, the calculated metrics showed good significance between IMRT, EBRT, and brachytherapy methods. The results have led to the safe use of brachytherapy methods that can be extended for different tumors.7 0Item Restricted DENTAL PRACTITIONERS' KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE (KAP) IN CAIRO AND RIYADH REGARDING CARIES RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT (A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY)(Cairo University, 2024) Almuatiri, Waleed Saqer; Abuelniel, Gihan MohammedObjective: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of dental practitioners regarding caries risk assessment (CRA) and management, focusing on the influence of demographic factors such as gender, nationality, years of experience, and practice sector. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 174 dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. The survey included questions to evaluate participants' knowledge of caries risk factors, attitudes towards CRA, and their practices in caries management. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20®, Graph Pad Prism®, and Microsoft Excel 2016 to explore associations between KAP and demographic factors. Chi-square tests were used to determine the significance of these associations. Results: The study revealed that while the overall knowledge of dental practitioners regarding caries prevention is high, significant gaps exist in understanding the impact of socioeconomic factors and the effectiveness of preventive measures like xylitol. Attitudes towards CRA were generally positive, with most practitioners recognizing its importance in clinical practice. However, time constraints were identified as a major barrier to the consistent application of CRA. The study also found significant variability in caries management practices, with government sector practitioners more consistently using preventive measures compared to those in private practice. Gender, nationality, and practice sector were significant predictors of differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Conclusion: The study concludes that while dental practitioners have a strong foundation in caries prevention, addressing the identified knowledge gaps and practice variability is crucial. Continuing education programs focusing on the socioeconomic determinants of caries and the benefits of preventive measures like xylitol are recommended. Streamlined CRA processes are needed to overcome practical barriers and improve the consistency of caries management across different practice settings.12 0Item Restricted DENTAL PRACTITIONER’S KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICE (KAP) REGARDING CARIES PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN CAIRO COMPARED TO RIYADH (A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY)(Cairo university, 2024) Albishri, Abdulmajeed; Abuelniel, Gihan MAim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental practitioners from Cairo and Riyadh regarding caries preventive measures. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-structured online questionnaire designed using Google Forms. The questionnaire consisted of 29 questions divided into four sections: sociodemographic, knowledge assessment, attitude assessment, and practice assessment. According to the eligibility criteria, the study included 248 participants who were general dental practitioners from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. collected data were analyzed and represented as frequency (N) and percentage (%) using SPSS (Version 22.0.0). Correlations were analyzed using Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient. Associations were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The significance level was set at p<0.05 for all tests. Results: A study of 249 participants aged 24-34, with a mean age of 28.47±2.04, found that most were general practitioners (88%), with most practicing in private clinics (42%). Most participants were male (61.4%), with most graduating between 2015 and 2023. The KAP assessment showed that most participants understood caries preventive measures, with 184 showing comprehension. However, 65 participants did not exhibit the same level of understanding. A significant number expressed a favorable outlook toward caries prevention methods. The study found no correlation between nationality, gender, or practice sector, but a significant correlation was found between participants' knowledge and attitude regarding caries prevention measures and their practice behavior towards these measures in children. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of addressing knowledge gaps and promoting evidence-based practices in pediatric dentistry.18 0Item Restricted Designing a Health Education Program About Childhood Obligatory Vaccines(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alsaroor, Yassen; Hafez, FatmaBackground: Vaccination boosts immunity in children against fatal infections like polio, measles, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. Parents are key decision-makers and promote complete immunization programs. Health education for parents enhances knowledge, practice, and shifts negative perceptions. Aim: This study aimed to design a health education program about childhood obligatory vaccines. Method: The Delphi technique is used to design the program. Judgmental sampling technique was used to recruit 10 health educators, 10 experts in health education, community health programs, communicable diseases, and community health nursing, and purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 16 mothers of vaccinated children. Results: Participants provided highly positive feedback on the health education program. They strongly agreed that the program enhanced their understanding of childhood obligatory vaccines. The objectives and learning materials were rated favorably, with participants highlighting that the program addressed various learning styles effectively. Conclusion: This study highlights that a well-designed health education program on childhood obligatory vaccines helps mothers better understand the importance of timely immunization. By providing clear, practical, and accessible information, the program addresses common concerns, corrects misconceptions, and empowers mothers to make informed decisions that protect their children's health and contribute to community well-being. Keywords: Childhood, Delphi technique, Health education, obligatory vaccine, program3 0Item Restricted Designing a Health Education Program about Healthy Lifestyle for Youth(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) ALBLAWI, SULTAN; Amel, Ibrahim; Dalia, AhmedBackground: The transformation from childhood to adulthood is a vital phase in building life habits, so incorrect health practices like insufficient physical exercise, unhealthy food, and not enough sleep would be a critical concern. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the views of health educators and youth toward the design of a health education program about a healthy lifestyle for youth. Method: The researchers used a phenomenological study design to conduct this study, using both quantitative as well as qualitative methods as part of the Delphi technique. The researchers included 10 health educators using judgmental sampling and 16 youth aged 15-24 years using convenience sampling for this study. They used a semi-structured interview questionnaire for collecting data, and they used thematic analysis and descriptive statistics for data analysis. Results: the study revealed that the youth’s views were basically focused on practices and skills-centered content as well as detailed content regarding nutrition, exercises, techniques to manage stress, and quality of sleep. They also preferred participatory approaches for content delivery as workshops, group discussion, mobile-based media, and interactive lectures. The health educators stressed on the need for an evidence-based curriculum focusing on the learners' needs and preferences. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study concluded that the educational program must be based on practice and skills, connected to their culture, and delivered through participatory approaches for more engagement of the youth. The study recommended fast implementation of the program, which is very important to shape a healthy lifestyle among youth30 0Item Restricted Designing a Health Education Program about Physical Activities for Adult Diabetic Patients(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) ALSHURAYYAN, MAHDI; Abdelraouf, Samar ElhoseinyBackground: Diabetes is a growing chronic disease globally, including in Saudi Arabia. Although physical activity is vital for managing it, most Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are inactive. This makes targeted health education programs crucial for encouraging exercise. Aim of study: This study aimed to design a health education program on physical activity for adult diabetic patients. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey with a Delphi round was conducted in Najran, Saudi Arabia. A convenient sample of thirty adult diabetic patients and a judgmental one of 12 expert panelists. Two tools for data collection: these belonged to adult diabetic patients, for five parts, and two parts for expert panelists. Results: The adult diabetic patients were urban Saudi nationals, with 43.3% being equal to or over 40 years old, with a mean age of 35.5 years. 55% are married, and 40% have university-level and professional jobs. As well, all experimenters were men and resided in urban areas. Seven were aged between 30 and 40 years, with a mean of 34.33 (SD = 5.50). Five held a master's degree, nine were nurses, and six were health educators and directors. Years of experience of 10 or more were among the nine. Conclusion: It is concluded that adult diabetic patients agreed that an effective health education program for physical activity must be patient-centred and practical. The program's design, content, and visual elements were evaluated and approved by both adult diabetic patients and the expert panelists, confirming a strong consensus that the program is well-designed and suitable for its target audience. Recommendations effectively promote physical activity among diabetic patients by implementing various health educational activities, integrating the designed program into healthcare services, and conducting further research.3 0