SACM - Egypt

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9653

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A Health Education Program for Patients Suffering from Diabetic Foot at Diabetic Center in King Fahad Hospital
(Helwan University, 2024) Abdulaal, Kholoud; Abd ElMohsen, Afaf Salah
Diabetic foot refers to a foot complication that arise as a result of diabetes, due to prolonged high blood sugar levels which impair blood flow and nerve function. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education program for patients suffering from diabetic foot at diabetic center in king Fahad hospital. Research design: A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Sample: Purposive sample include 140 patients with diabetic foot. Setting: It was conducted at diabetic center at king Fahad hospital, Saudia Arabia. Tool: Two tools, 1st tool: included four parts: 1st part: Demographic characteristics of patients, 2nd part: Medical history of patients, 3rd part: Patients’ knowledge, and 4th part: Patients’ reported practices about diabetic foot, 2nd tool: Observation checklist questionnaire included two parts: 1st part: Neurological foot assessment and 2nd part: Peripheral vascular assessment. Results: The study result revealed that, 5.3 % of studied patients had good total knowledge pre apply health education program, become 77.2 % of them had good total knowledge post apply health education program. While 90.5 % of studied patients had unsatisfactory with total reported practices pre apply health education program become 92.0 % of them had satisfactory total reported practices post apply health education program. Conclusion: Patients’ knowledge, and reported practices about diabetic foot improved post apply health education program. Recommendations: Continuous an educational program for patients regarding diabetic foot care in another place
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A novel motivation for the unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation through random inputs
(Saudi Digital Library, 2024) Albalawi, Sami M; M.A. Shohaly and M.E. Fares
We investigate the stochastic unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation through bi-random sources. Specifically, we solve this equation via Itô sense, with the parameter following Laplace and Gumbel distributions. We provide vital stochastic solutions in applied sciences. We employ He’s semi-inverse technique in order to provide these solutions in a unified way. Actually, this is the first time that the same model has been taken into account in these circumstances. In order to investigate the real relevance of the stochastic unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we provide the simulations for some of the collected solutions using the appropriate parameter settings provided by the MATLAB software. Finally, our renewed drive might expand to incorporate further emerging natural science models.
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Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Social Work Practice in the Medical Field: An applied descriptive study on social workers in public hospitals in the city of Jeddah
(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) alomari ,hana; عبدالرحمن, عبدالله
The study proposed several recommendations aimed at enhancing the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) applications into medical social work practice. Chief among them is the inclusion of specialized AI content in professional training programs for social workers, as well as embedding such training within the formal professional development plans of healthcare institutions. It also emphasized the need to design interactive curricula that combine both theoretical and practical components. Additionally, the study called for the establishment of internal training units supervised by technical teams, and encouraged collaboration with universities to deliver accredited training programs.
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Assessing Saudi Patients’ Trust and Satisfaction in Virtual Clinic Services: A Comparative study
(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) Alrashdi, Bader; Abdel-Aziz ,Basem
Assessing Saudi Patient’s Trust and Satisfaction in Virtual Clinic Services: A Comparative study This study investigates virtual healthcare in Saudi Arabia, focusing on patient satisfaction, trust in physicians, and perceptions of VCs compared to in-person clinics. Conducted in Ministry of Health, National Guard, Security Forces, Specialized, University Teaching, and Private Hospitals, it used a comparative cross-sectional design for VC and in-person clinic users, alongside a follow-up study for VC users. The study population included adult Saudi patients with chronic diseases, excluding non-Saudis and those with deafness, muteness, or mental illness and participants needed internet access. The sample size, calculated using Epi-Info 7 based on a 79.4% satisfaction rate from a prior study (Yao et al., 2023), was set at 270 patients (135 VC users, 135 in-person users) with a 5% margin of error and 95% confidence level. Two provinces, Al Qassim and Hai’l, were randomly selected, with 67/68 participants per group in each. VC users were recruited via phone using hospital records, completing an online survey (sent via email/SMS/social media) at baseline and after three months. In-person users were recruited through face-to-face interviews at outpatient clinics, approaching every other registered patient. Data collection tools included a structured questionnaire on demographics, clinic type, and utilization reasons, the Trust in Physician Scale (TiPS) to measure trust (Anderson & Dedrick, 1990), a perception questionnaire adapted from a U.S. study (Alliance for Connected Care, 2020), and a satisfaction questionnaire for VC users (Alwabili et al., 2021). TiPS scores ranged from 11 to 55, with higher scores indicating greater trust. Satisfaction was assessed across technical, quality, administrative, and general domains, with high satisfaction defined as 90% of the total score.
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Assessment of Exposure to Ergonomic Occupational Hazards among Intensive Care Nurses at Riyadh Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) AlShaibani, Meshal; Elsayed, Amel Ahmed
Background: Ergonomic hazards are a major occupational health concern in intensive care units (ICUs), where nurses perform physically demanding tasks such as patient lifting, repositioning, and repetitive procedures. These demands place ICU nurses at high risk for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), which can impair work performance, reduce quality of care, and increase absenteeism. Aim: This study aimed to assess exposure to ergonomic occupational hazards and musculoskeletal discomfort among ICUs nurses in the Riyadh Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted among 136 ICUs nurses at King Saud Medical City using three tools: a demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire, the Quick Exposure Check observational checklist, and a musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire. Data were collected over four weeks and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Findings showed that 56.6% of participants were female, and 85.3% held a bachelor’s degree. Most nurses (82.4%) worked 12-hour rotating shifts, and 81.6% had attended ergonomic training. Back movement and static posture are generally low risks, but high-risk exposure was noted for the wrist (70.6%) and shoulder (55.1%), with moderate risk for the neck (44.9%). During the past 12 months, 67.6% of nurses reported MSDs, mainly lower back pain (68.4%), neck pain (64.7%), and shoulder pain (30.9% right, 25.7% left). Work limitations due to MSDs affected 30.9% of participants. Conclusion and Recommendations: Intensive care nurses face considerable ergonomic risks and a substantial burden of MSDs. Implementing comprehensive ergonomic programs, assistive devices, optimized shift schedules, and continuous monitoring is recommended to safeguard nurses’ musculoskeletal health
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Assessment of Knowledge, Practices and Barriers to Pharmacovigilance among Nurses at King Fahd Hospital, Saudi Arabia
(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) hakami, Majed; Sleem, Wafaa; Ibrahim, Amira
Assessment of Knowledge, Practices and Barriers to Pharmacovigilance among Nurses at King Fahd Hospital, Saudi Arabia
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Assessment of Low Versus High Doses of Radioiodine in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Using Gamma Camera
(Mansoura University, 2025) Alosaimi, Maram; Salahaldein, Hosam
Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the thyroid gland. The thyroid makes hormones that help regulate your metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a type of thyroid cancer where the cancer cells, when viewed under a microscope, look similar to normal thyroid cells. It's the most common type of thyroid cancer, with the majority of cases being either papillary or follicular thyroid cancer. DTC is generally slow-growing and treatable, with good prognosis in most cases. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects of low and high doses of radioactive iodine in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). To achieve this goal, 100 adult patients with thyroid cancer who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy received either 1.1 GBq (30 mCi) or 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) of radioactive iodine (I-131). The patients were classified as low or intermediate risk based on the American Thyroid Association (ATA) criteria. In Saudi Arabia, data were retrospectively collected from multiple nuclear medicine centers, with an equal number of male and female patients selected, having an average age of 40.72 ± 11.49 years. After radioactive iodine therapy (RIT), thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were below 10 ng/mL in both groups, with 72% in the high-dose group and 66% in the low-dose group. No significant therapeutic difference was observed in treatment efficacy for individuals classified as low and intermediate risk. Statistics indicated that the success rate of RIT ablation with low doses was nearly equivalent to that of high-dose ablation (82%). This research demonstrated that both low and high-dose ablation effectively reduce Tg levels and achieve successful ablation. Therefore, low-dose RIT ablation is recommended over high-dose ablation for patients with low or intermediate-risk thyroid cancer. The secondary objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between age (45 years) as a predictive factor and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging in thyroid cancer patients who underwent radioactive iodine treatment six months prior to staging. This peer study included 100 thyroid cancer patients, 70% female and 30% male, who underwent thyroid surgery. Patient data were categorized into two groups: the mean age of the first group (G1 ≥ 45 years) was 52.641 ± 65.895 years, while the mean age of the second group (G2 <45 years) was 31.037 ± 6.193 years, according to TNM stages. RIT risk factors were classified as high, low, or very low. The p-values for T-stage and N-stage were 0.7338 and 0.9668, respectively. The data indicated no statistically significant association between G1 and G2 in individuals with direct thyroid cancer during the T and N stages. However, the M-stage with a p-value of 0.0026 at M0 indicated a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Age at diagnosis is one of the most reliable indicators for direct breast cancer staging. Alongside conventional risk indicators (tumor size, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and treatment), an age threshold of 45 years compared to 55 years or older may play a more modest role in stratifying cancer-specific risk and mortality in cases of DTC.
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Assessment of Medication Adherence, Social Support and Severity of the Symptoms among Depressed Patients at Madinah, Saudi Arabia
(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) الطوري, عمر; Nursing, Mental Health
Background: Depression is recognized as one of the common disorders worldwide, and its large economic burden is derived from its high prevalence and substantial functional disabilities entailed in the illness. It has been linked to low medication adherence. A significant factor contributing to failures in managing major depressive disorders is that patients do not optimally follow their prescribed medication regimens. Social support plays a critical role for patients with symptoms of depression. Low social support was reported to be associated with the onset and relapse of depression Aim: the aim of this study was to assess medication adherence, social support and severity of the symptoms among depressed patients in Madinah at Saudi Arabia. Method: A sample of 105 patients with depression was studied using a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Data was gathered using five instruments: a socio-demographic characteristics and a clinical data sheet, Drug Attitude Inventory-10 Scale (DAI-10) (Shortened version), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Beck Depression Inventory scale (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory scale (BAI). Results: Results in this study revealed that more than one third (46.7%) was less than 35 years. More than one third of the subjects studied (35.2 %) were single. Based on the educational attainment, more than half (56.2%) were illiterate or could read and write. Regarding occupation, more than half of the subjects studied (50.5%) were not working. Over a third of the subjects studied (39%) had duration of illness from 4 to less than 15 years. Concerning medication adherence, three quarters of the patients (75.2%) were totally non adherent to medication, (46.7%) were receiving low social support and more than half of the patients in the study (60%) had severe level of depression. Conclusion: Current study reported that medication adherence and social support have an effect on treatment outcomes and recovery, it is advisable to promote them when caring for people with depression. It is necessary to conduct further studies on the intervention aimed at improving adherence, social support among patients with depression.
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Assessment of Mothers’ Knowledge and Self-Reported Practices Regarding Favism among Preschool Children
(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) Alsolami, Raddi; Mohammed, Hanan; ELsayed, Naglaa
Assessment of Mothers’ Knowledge and Self-Reported Practices Regarding Favism among Preschool Children
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OCCLUSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRIMARY DENTITION AMONG EGYPTIAN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Aljarallah, Faisal; Badr, sherine; ElShamy, shereen
ABSTRACT Faisal Ali Jarallah Aljarallah; ASSESSMENT OF THE OCCLUSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRIMARY DENTITION AMONG EGYPTIAN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY (Under the supervision of [Sherine Badr Youness and Shereen Hassan El-Shamy]) Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition among Egyptian preschool children. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 362 Egyptian preschool children aged 3-6 years, visiting the Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health Department at Cairo University. Clinical examinations and dental cast impressions were used to assess occlusal characteristics, including molar and canine relationships, spacing, crowding, overbite, and overjet. Data were collected systematically and analyzed using statistical methods to determine the prevalence of various occlusal traits. Results: The study included 362 Egyptian preschool children. There was a balanced gender distribution. The most common primary molar relationship was the mesial step (51.10%), and the majority had a Class I canine relationship (72.10%). Physiological spaces were present in 67.40% of the children with 83.15% showing no dental crowding. Mild overbite (56.63%) and mild overjet (66.57%) were the most common. Posterior crossbite was rare, observed in only 3.31% of children. These findings indicate generally favorable conditions for the eruption and alignment of permanent teeth. Conclusion: Most Egyptian preschool children exhibited favorable occlusal characteristics, with the mesial step molar relationship and Class I canine relationship being the most common. Early assessment and intervention are crucial to maintaining these favorable conditions and addressing any potential occlusal anomalies. Keywords: Occlusal characteristics; Primary dentition; Egyptian preschool children; Class I canine relationship.
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Assessment the role of some New Biomarkers for Early Detection and Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
(Saudi Digital Library, 2026-06) almakrami, ali; ElKhawaga, Omali Youssef
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and one of the most common malignancies. It accounts for approximately 935,000 deaths and about 1.9 million new cases globally. In Egypt, CRC represents nearly half of gastrointestinal tract cancers and ranks ninth among females and tenth among males. According to the National Cancer Institute registry at Cairo University, CRC is diagnosed in about 14% of colonoscopy cases. Colostomy is a surgical procedure in which an opening is created in the abdominal wall to divert stool from the colon to a stoma attached to an external pouch. Although it is an important treatment option for CRC patients, monitoring patients after colostomy remains essential. Early detection of CRC significantly improves prognosis, yet diagnosis at early stages remains challenging because the disease is often asymptomatic. Current screening methods, such as colonoscopy and stool-based tests, are effective but limited by cost, preparation requirements, and patient reluctance. Studies suggest that nearly 68% of CRC-related deaths could be prevented with proper screening. Blood-based tests have gained increasing attention because they are minimally invasive and more acceptable to patients, with screening uptake reported to be about 11% higher than stool-based methods. Tumor biomarkers play an important role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring treatment response, and detecting recurrence. Identifying reliable blood biomarkers may provide a simple and noninvasive method for early detection and continuous monitoring of CRC, especially after colostomy. Therefore, this study aimed to detect and diagnose CRC before and six months after colostomy using biochemical laboratory tests and CRC related tumor Summary |2026 92 biomarkers such as TAG, IGFBP-2, and TPS as potential noninvasive indicators. To reach our aims, we collected blood samples from 36 patients who had CRC and 20 patients suffering from other colon diseases other than CRC as colon polyps, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and irritable bowel disease (IBS), were chosen as controls. All, including the patients and the control group, were subjected to and monitored for: - 1- Liver enzymes (ALT and AST). 2- Neutrophile and Lymphocyte count were determined through testing complete blood count, while Neutrophile to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated by using the formula, [(Neutro count/lymph counts) %. 3- Detection of traditional tumor markers, such as AFP, CEA and CA19.9, pre- and post-6 months from colostomy. 4- Detection of new CRC tumor biomarkers such as TAG72, IFGBP-2, and TPS using ELISA. The following results were obtained: - 1. The main demographic characteristics of CRC patients and controls The patient's age ranged from 24 to 79 years, while the age of the control group ranged from 19 to 72 years. The mean age of the patients was 54.08 + 12.9 years; most of them (27/36) were men (75.0%), while the mean age of the control group was 44.3 + 13.8 years. A significant difference was obtained in age between patients in comparison to controls (p= 0.024), while no significance was obtained in gender between the two groups (p=0.22). There was no significant difference between the parameters studied in patients (pre- and post-operation) compared to the control group in the case of ALT and AST. ALT and AST activities were nearly similar for patients pre- and post-compared to that Summary |2026 93 of the control group (29.17 ± 12.9, 25.69 ± 8.02 vs 24.2 ± 4.04 U/l for ALT and 26.36 ± 7.48, 26.14±9.88 and 23.95±4.24 for AST) for pre-, post-, and control group, respectively, with p = 0.163 and p = 0.53. Also, there was no clearance difference in liver enzyme levels of the patient group pre- compared to that in post-operation (29.17 U/l vs 25.69 U/l, 26.36 U/l vs 26.14 U/l with p = 0.845 and p = 0.592 for ALT and AST, respectively. Some differential parameters of white blood Cells (WBCs) for blood count as neutrophil and lymphocyte, were used to calculate NLR. Hence, the number of neutrophil pre- and post- was highly significant compared to that of control (5.1 ± 1.9, 3.87 ± 1.3 for pr and post- vs 3.48 ± 0.61% for control, with p<0.001. In the same manner, the NLR ratio was comparable in the case of patient groups when compared to the control one (4.44 ± 2.3, 2.91 ± 1.37 vs 1.94 ± 0.4 %) for pre-, post , and controls, respectively, with p< 0.0001 2. Traditional tumor markers of CRC patients and controls The levels of each CA19.9, CEA and AFP were higher in pre - and post – cases compared to that in case of control group since it was 26.56±14.36, 14.7±8.5 compared to 10.14±5.4 u/ml for CA19.9 in pre-, post- and control respectively with p<0.001. Also, the levels of CEA were 14.6±9.8, 7.5±4.07 compared to 2.8±0.9 ng/ml for pre-, post- and controls, while it was 12.0±8.7, 6.4 ±2.9 compared to 3.1±1.19 ng/ml for AFP in pre-, post-, and control, respectively. On the other hand, levels of these parameters were more elevated in the patients group compared to those in the control one (10.14±5.4 u/ml, 2.8±0.9 ng/ml, and 3.1±1.19 ng/ml for CA19.9, CEA, and AFP for the control group) (P<0.001). 3. CRC tumor markers of patients and controls Summary |2026 94 Levels of TAG, IGFBP, and TPS were all significantly increased (P<0.001) pre- compared to post-colostomy. Since the levels of pre- for TAG, IGFBP, and TPS were 19.85±6.5 u/ml, 24.15±7.26 µg/ml, and 161.55±51.73 u/l compared to 9.29±4.88 u/ml, 14.89±4.47 µg/ml, and 110.25±34.76 u/l for post-colostomy for the three parameters, respectively. On the same road, levels of these parameters were more elevated in the patient group compared to those in the control one (2.07±0.87 u/ml, 5.28±2.2 µg/ml, and 47.58±16.02 u/l for TAG, IGFBP, and TPS, for the control group) (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). 4. Distribution of the tumor markers among CRC patients Thirty samples of our CRC studied patients (83.3%) were distributed between four pathological groups. The colon stricture group had the highest value of TAG tumor marker pre- and post- (25.6 vs 11.6 u/ml) with also the more reduction after operation (14 u/ml), also, Rectum mass group had the highest pre IGFBP value with also the highest reduction post operation (32.1 vs 15.0 µg/ml) while, sigmoid group with 11 samples had the highest level of pre- TPS through the studied group with 175 u/l. On the other hand, NLR was high in the Adenocarcinoma group in pre-case with 6.6% compared to 4.83 %, 3.73% and 2.6% for rectum mass, sigmoid mass, and colon stricture groups, respectively. 5- Correlation matrix between marker variables and other parameters All three parameters were significant, TAG, TPS, and IGFBP, and resulted in a correlation between TAG and IGFBP obtained with p <0.000, which means a highly significant correlation (r) was 0.612, indicating a positive correlation Summary |2026 95 A high significance was obtained between TAG and TPS markers with p< 0.000 with a positive correlation r= 0.646). On the same road, there was a high significance between IGFBP and TPS marker since p was <0.000 with a positive correlation r = 0.594. Finally, there was a correlation between these three parameters (TAG, IGFBP, and TPS) and NLR, with r = -0.167, 0.021, and -0.128 for the three parameters, respectively. 6- ROC Curve between control and patients - AUC was 0.992, 0.981, and 0.944 for TAG, IGFBP, and TPS, respectively, with p< 0.001 for the parameters, which reflects the overall accuracy of the diagnostic test, while it was 0.736 for NLR with p< 0.001also. On the same road, the sensitivity and specificity were 100, 100 1st 94.4 % and specificity was 90, 60, and 75 % for the three parameters,respectivel.
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Attitudes of Saudi Journalists Towards the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Developing Digital Content Industry
(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Asiri، Essa; Allban، Sharif
The study aims to explore the attitudes of Saudi journalists towards the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in developing journalistic content, focusing on its success, positive and negative impacts, challenges faced, and the skills required for its effective use in Saudi newspapers and websites. This study falls under descriptive research, which aims to analyze and interpret journalists' attitudes toward adopting AI in digital journalism, helping to understand its impact on content development in the Kingdom. The study uses a media survey methodology, relying on the collection and objective analysis of data to provide an accurate description of the phenomenon, offering a clear picture of the impact of AI on Saudi journalism. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to Saudi journalists working in electronic newspapers and magazines, using a stratified sample to ensure representation of all editorial departments. The researcher relied on a field survey questionnaire to collect and analyze data, aiming to understand journalists' attitudes toward AI in developing digital content. The study is based on the theory of "Electronic Multiple Logic Theory," "Diffusion of Innovation Theory," and the "Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology" as its theoretical framework. The study results indicate that the vast majority of journalists have sufficient knowledge of AI technologies used in journalism, with 96.5% of participants, representing 386 individuals from the total sample, confirming this, while only 3.5%, or 14 individuals, reported not having sufficient knowledge of these technologies. The data also show that more than half of the sample (53.2%) believe that AI is essential for developing digital content, with 28% of participants, or 112 individuals, strongly agreeing, and 25.2%, or 101 individuals, agreeing to a lesser degree. Additionally, 96.5% of journalists, or 386 individuals, confirmed that their journalistic institutions use AI technologies in their work, while 3.5%, or 14 individuals, reported not using these technologies. Chatbots emerged as the most widely used AI application, representing 18% with 289 choices, followed by data collection and analysis at 16.1% with 258 choices, and breaking news identification at 16% with 258 choices. The primary challenges journalists face when using AI are related to the quality of results, with 26.3% of participants (389 choices), followed by cost factors at 26.1% (385 choices), and lack of sufficient expertise at 25% (369 choices), reflecting the need for training programs to enhance journalists' efficiency in employing these technologies. The study reveals a clear variation in AI adoption among Saudi news websites. For instance, "Al-Riyadh" and "Okaz" show noticeable reservations, as more than half of the content on "Al-Riyadh" still relies entirely on traditional journalists. Meanwhile, "Sabq" adopts a more open approach by integrating AI into editorial processes to improve production speed and analysis without replacing journalists. "Al-Watan" primarily uses these technologies for translation and proofreading, placing it in a middle position between reservation and openness. All sites rely on news agencies to ensure accuracy, but "Sabq" and "Al-Riyadh" are more open to digital content, while "Okaz" and "Al-Watan" lean more toward traditional journalism. In terms of journalistic formats, "Sabq" and "Al-Watan" excel in using visual content and infographics, while "Al-Riyadh" and "Okaz" focus on analytical articles. Economic and technological topics dominate, but "Sabq" and "Al-Watan" highlight digital transformations, while "Al-Riyadh" and "Okaz" tend toward political and social issues, reflecting differences in editorial strategies between caution and openness to AI technologies. The study recommends the following: (1) the need to organize specialized training courses and educational programs for journalists to enhance their abilities in dealing with AI technologies, including analyzing journalistic data, editing content with AI assistance, and using digital news verification tools to ensure content accuracy; (2) journalistic institutions should adopt strategies that ensure the integration of AI with journalistic work without replacing the human element, using it as a supportive tool to enhance productivity and support journalistic analysis while maintaining the human and creative touch in media content creation; (3) investment in developing AI technologies used in journalistic institutions to ensure the accuracy and quality of outputs, capable of producing content that meets the standards of journalistic accuracy and objectivity, while minimizing the need for intensive editorial revisions; (4) newspapers like "Al-Riyadh" and "Okaz," which are more reserved, should consider integrating AI technologies into editorial processes and proofreading, maintaining human oversight to ensure accuracy and credibility; (5) newspapers already using AI, like "Sabq" and "Al-Watan," could expand its use in data analysis and crafting interactive reports to increase production speed; (6) encouraging newspapers to rely more on AI in news verification, especially when using content from social media platforms; (7) "Okaz" and "Al-Watan" can explore more digital sources, as "Sabq" and "Al-Riyadh" do, to ensure broader and faster news coverage.
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Automatic Classification of Thyroid Tumors for Women Based on Artificial Intelligence Models for Ultrasound Scans
(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) ALKHAMSAN، Hassan Saleh; Elsayed، Rezk Mostafa Ibrahim; Elgarayhi، Ahmed; Medhet، Tamer
Thyroid cancer arises in the thyroid gland when its cells begin to grow uncontrollably. The thyroid gland is essential for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. Thyroid cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth in the thyroid gland, poses significant health risks. This study presents a novel diagnostic model for distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid tumors in ultrasound images by integrating a transferred EfficientNetB0 model with a new parallel deep convolutional neural network (CNN). The methodology involves preprocessing using Anisotropic Diffusion Filtering (ADF) for noise reduction, followed by feature extraction via deep CNNs. A refined classification model, developed through feature selection and dimensionality reduction, is trained and validated using a dataset of 1137 ultrasound images. The proposed system achieves an accuracy of 92.28% and an F1-score of 92.76%, demonstrating its effectiveness in assisting clinical diagnosis. Comparative complexity analysis further validates its robustness in addition to visual analysis tool (spider graph) that provides additional insights. The results demonstrate the potential of deep learning (DL) models in improving the reliability of thyroid cancer diagnosis, aiding clinicians in decision-making processes and reducing the risk of misdiagnosis.
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Breast Tumors AI-Based Early Identification using Screening Mammography for Adult Women
(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Almansour, Tareg Mohammed H; Abdelrazek, Elmetwally M; Elgarayhi, Ahmed; Medhet, Tamer
Early detection of breast cancer (BrC) is one of the best strategies to prevent the disease's spread. This makes an autonomous diagnosis system based on deep learning (DL) attractive for improving the accuracy of detection and prediction. This study suggests employing transfer DL models to categorize BrC from mammograms. Furthermore, to identify BrC detection architectures, transfer DL models are applied to various well-known convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Three CNNs (NasNetMobile, EfficientNet-b0, and MobileNetV2) are adjusted in particular ways before being used. All systems use two types of optimizers: root mean square propagation (RMSP) and adaptive moment estimation (ADAM). The EfficientNet-b0 network attains 96.45% accuracy, 96.63% sensitivity, and 97.18% F1-score when using the ADAM optimizer. The experimental results demonstrate that EfficientNet-b0 outperforms other sophisticated CNN techniques and offers a number of advantages. Additionally, EfficientNet-b0 obtained an F1-score of 96.00%, a sensitivity of 96.55%, and an accuracy of 95.04% utilizing the RMSprop optimizer. To sum up, this work improves the identification of BrC for adult women by applying transfer DL models to digital mammography scans. The best-performing CNN among the three (NasNetMobile, EfficientNet-b0, and MobileNetV2) was EfficientNet-b0 optimized with ADAM and RMSprop. These results show how these structures could improve healthcare and increase the accuracy of BrC detection.
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Burnout and its Relationship to Occupational Stress Among Social Workers in Al Madinah Region Hospitals
(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) AlJuhani, Marwan Aayed; Gaber, Samia Mohamed
Burnout
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Burnout of Formal Caregivers from Dealing with Schizophrenia Patients
(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) Khalil, Weaam; ElAwady, Sahar Mahmoud Sayed Ahmed
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder. Burnout in caregivers, particularly those dealing with patients with chronic mental illnesses like schizophrenia, is a well-documented phenomenon. Aim: This study aimed to assess burnout of formal caregivers from dealing with schizophrenia patients. Design: A descriptive research design was utilized in this study. Sample: A convenience sample of 65 formal caregivers work at Al Eradah & Psychiatric Hospital was included in the study. Setting: The study was conducted at Al Eradah & Psychiatric Hospital which provide treatment and follow-up services for patients suffering from schizophrenia. Tools: Interview questionnaire consisted of two tools. Tool 1: It consisted 4 parts: Part (I): Demographic characteristics of formal caregivers. Part (II): Formal caregivers’ knowledge about schizophrenia. Part (III): Formal caregivers’ attitude about schizophrenia patients. Part (IV): Formal caregivers’ reported practices about schizophrenia patients. Tool 2: Formal Caregivers Burnout for Dealing with Schizophrenia Patients.
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Business Administration
(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-01-09) Alenzi, Omar
This study aimed to reveal the impact of organizational energy on organizational commitment among employees of the Saudi Telecom Company in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, by applying it to a sample of 434 individuals from employees of the Saudi Telecom Company in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the study found a significant correlation between all dimensions of both organizational energy and organizational commitment. The regression coefficient was also used and the results showed a significant positive impact of organizational energy on organizational commitment in general, as well as a significant positive impact of organizational energy dimensions on each dimension of organizational commitment. Finally, the results showed significant differences in the opinions of the study sample regarding organizational energy due to gender differences at a significance level of 0.01. It also became clear that there were significant differences in the opinions of the study sample regarding organizational commitment due to differences in income levels at a significance level of 0.01, while there were no significant differences in the opinions of the study sample regarding organizational energy due to differences in educational level, experience or income level at a significance level of 0.05. There were also no significant differences in the opinions of the study sample regarding organizational energy due to differences in educational level, experience or income level at a significance level of 0.05. The study sample on organizational commitment is due to differences in gender, educational level, or experience at a significance level of 0.05.
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Challenges of Environmental Sanitation at Healthcare Organizations in Middle of Najran Region
(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) AlZamanan, Bader; AlImam, Fatima
Healthcare organizations facing environmental sanitation challenges such as insufficient infrastructure such as inadequate sanitation facilities and water supply, incorrect management of medical waste, and inconsistent cleaning practices. These problems may raise the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), endanger healthcare personnel, and jeopardize the safety and wellbeing of patients. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the challenges of environmental sanitation at healthcare organizations. This study was carried out at the six primary healthcare centers that are affiliated with the middle district- Najran region. The participants of the present study were healthcare providers, namely nurses, physicians, laboratory technicians, infection control team members and sanitary workers
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Civil liability for breach of private employment in Saudi law
(Assiut University, 2024) Almuawi, Sultan; شلقامي, شحاته
Definition of the employment contract legally. The Saudi Civil Transactions Law defines the employment contract as: “A contract in which one party commits to perform work for the benefit of the other under his supervision and management in exchange for a wage
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Civil liability for illegal credit card inquiries (comparative study)
(Assiut University, 2024-03-10) Alotaibi, Saud; العتيبي، سعود; عزب، حماد مصطفى; شلقامي، شحاته غريب
The credit card is one of the modern means of payment, which has achieved many advantages for all its parties. For the customer, it is a credit tool that enables him to obtain cash liquidity within a pre-determined limit. It also enables him to obtain many of the goods and services that he needs in exchange for paying for them in the form of Instalments, in addition to that, it avoids the risks of carrying money, and for the merchant, it is a means that works to increase the volume of sales, without bearing the risks that result from establishing his credit system, that is, it saves him the cost of private credit and avoids the troubles of difficult debts for customers. As for the source, the credit card is one of the means of increasing profitability, as the issuer receives interest in exchange for the credit granted to the customer. In addition to the annual renewal commission, this is in addition to the commissions it charges from the merchant according to the value of the invoice. Banks issuing credit cards also aim to obtain indirect benefits from the increase in the number of customers who deal in its name and frequent it, and then resort to it in completing their banking business. This will ultimately lead to increasing the bank's profitability, thus maximizing the owners' wealth