SACM - Egypt
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9653
Browse
Item Restricted A Health Education Program for Patients Suffering from Diabetic Foot at Diabetic Center in King Fahad Hospital(Helwan University, 2024) Abdulaal, Kholoud; Abd ElMohsen, Afaf SalahDiabetic foot refers to a foot complication that arise as a result of diabetes, due to prolonged high blood sugar levels which impair blood flow and nerve function. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education program for patients suffering from diabetic foot at diabetic center in king Fahad hospital. Research design: A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Sample: Purposive sample include 140 patients with diabetic foot. Setting: It was conducted at diabetic center at king Fahad hospital, Saudia Arabia. Tool: Two tools, 1st tool: included four parts: 1st part: Demographic characteristics of patients, 2nd part: Medical history of patients, 3rd part: Patients’ knowledge, and 4th part: Patients’ reported practices about diabetic foot, 2nd tool: Observation checklist questionnaire included two parts: 1st part: Neurological foot assessment and 2nd part: Peripheral vascular assessment. Results: The study result revealed that, 5.3 % of studied patients had good total knowledge pre apply health education program, become 77.2 % of them had good total knowledge post apply health education program. While 90.5 % of studied patients had unsatisfactory with total reported practices pre apply health education program become 92.0 % of them had satisfactory total reported practices post apply health education program. Conclusion: Patients’ knowledge, and reported practices about diabetic foot improved post apply health education program. Recommendations: Continuous an educational program for patients regarding diabetic foot care in another place0 0Item Restricted Civil liability for breach of private employment in Saudi law(Assiut University, 2024) Almuawi, Sultan; شلقامي, شحاتهDefinition of the employment contract legally. The Saudi Civil Transactions Law defines the employment contract as: “A contract in which one party commits to perform work for the benefit of the other under his supervision and management in exchange for a wage6 0Item Restricted Civil liability for illegal credit card inquiries (comparative study)(Assiut University, 2024-03-10) Alotaibi, Saud; العتيبي، سعود; عزب، حماد مصطفى; شلقامي، شحاته غريبThe credit card is one of the modern means of payment, which has achieved many advantages for all its parties. For the customer, it is a credit tool that enables him to obtain cash liquidity within a pre-determined limit. It also enables him to obtain many of the goods and services that he needs in exchange for paying for them in the form of Instalments, in addition to that, it avoids the risks of carrying money, and for the merchant, it is a means that works to increase the volume of sales, without bearing the risks that result from establishing his credit system, that is, it saves him the cost of private credit and avoids the troubles of difficult debts for customers. As for the source, the credit card is one of the means of increasing profitability, as the issuer receives interest in exchange for the credit granted to the customer. In addition to the annual renewal commission, this is in addition to the commissions it charges from the merchant according to the value of the invoice. Banks issuing credit cards also aim to obtain indirect benefits from the increase in the number of customers who deal in its name and frequent it, and then resort to it in completing their banking business. This will ultimately lead to increasing the bank's profitability, thus maximizing the owners' wealth58 0Item Restricted CLINICAL PREDICTION RULES FOR THE SEVERITY OF FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS(Cairo University, 2024) Alharbi,Naif; Abd El-Mageed,Salwa; Elkhozamy,HamedBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), is a chronic degenerative joint pathology with a global prevalence of 22.9% in individuals aged 40 and over. It is a leading cause of disability and poor quality of life worldwide due to musculoskeletal pain and functional limitations. Purpose of the study: This study aimed to investigate and identify the clinical prediction rules for the severity of functional disability in KOA. Subjects and Methods: Eighty patients with KOA from both genders were recruited for this study. Every patient has been assessed using a dynamometer to test the isometric strength of the quadriceps, hip adductors, abductors, and external rotators muscle groups. Besides, inclinometer to assess hamstring flexibility by Straight Leg Raising test, iliotibial band flexibility by Ober’s test. It was used the Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC) Arabic version to assess knee functional disability and the visual analogue scale (VAS) to measure pain intensity. Results: Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that the most significant predictors of severity of functional disability in knee osteoarthritis were isometric hip abductors group strength test, followed by pain intensity, then functional disability, and the quadriceps muscle strength and then the isometric hip external rotators group strength, with p-value (p<0.05); while the iliotibial band flexibility, hamstring flexibility and hip adductors group strength were insignificant predictors, with p-value (p>0.05). Conclusion: Hip abductors strength, pain intensity, functional disability quadriceps muscle strength, and hip external rotators strength are significant predictors of KOA progression. These factors should be closely monitored and targeted in clinical practice to effectively manage and potentially slow the progression of KOA. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, Clinical prediction rules, Severity, Functional disability3 0Item Restricted Clinical Utility of Cytokeratin in The Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Hepatitis C Virus Patients(Helwan University, 2024) Alhaddad, Mahdi; El-Kassas, MohamedObjectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and a global health problem. It is often diagnosed at advanced stage where hopeless for effective therapies. Identification of more reliable biomarkers for early detection of HCC is urgently needed. Cytokeratins are a marker of hepatic progenitor cells and act as a key player in tumor invasion. Herein, we sought to develop a novel score based on the combination of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) with routine laboratory tests for accurate detection of HCC. Material & Methods: Serum CK18, CK 19, α-fetoprotein, albumin and platelets count were assayed in HCC patients (75), liver cirrhosis patients (55) and healthy control (20). Areas under receiving operating curve (AUCs) were calculated and used for construction on novel score. A novel score named CK-HCC = CK 19 (%)×0.001+ CK18 (%)×0.004 + AFP (U/L)×5.4 - Platelets count (×109)/L×0.003 – Albumin (g/L)×0.27–36 was developed. CK- HCC score produces AUC of 0.919 for differentiating patients with HCC from those with liver cirrhosis with sensitivity and specificity of a cut-off 1.3 (i.e., less than 1.3 the case is considered cirrhotic, whereas above 1.3 it is considered HCC. Conclusion: CK-HCC score could replace AFP during screening of HCV patients and early detection of HCC.6 0Item Restricted Comparison of Physical and Radiobiological Parameters between External Beam Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy for Pelvic Tumors Treatment(جامعة المنصورة, 2025) سبحي, محمود سليمان محمود; عبدالرزاق, المتولي محمودRadiation therapy (RT) plays a vital role in the treatment of various tumors. Depending on the organ with the tumor, RT can be applied internally or externally. This study targets the pelvic tumors treated with external RT and/or internal RT (brachytherapy). Hence, the comparison between intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and brachytherapy planning performance is carried out in this work to evaluate the RT physical parameters considering the clinical results of pelvic tumors treated patients RT planning was done for 30 patients with pelvic tumors who received radical IMRT treatment and brachytherapy modality on the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS). Dosimetric evaluation metrics are estimated to compare the two methods in terms of HI, CI, CN, PITV, TCI, and QF in the context of physical parameters assessment. Both methods give better dose homogeneity and conformity to the tumor. In addition, the brachytherapy method covered targets cells with higher radiation doses than IMRT treatment. Statistically, the calculated metrics showed good significance between IMRT, EBRT, and brachytherapy methods. The results have led to the safe use of brachytherapy methods that can be extended for different tumors.2 0Item Restricted DENTAL PRACTITIONERS' KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE (KAP) IN CAIRO AND RIYADH REGARDING CARIES RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT (A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY)(Cairo University, 2024) Almuatiri, Waleed Saqer; Abuelniel, Gihan MohammedObjective: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of dental practitioners regarding caries risk assessment (CRA) and management, focusing on the influence of demographic factors such as gender, nationality, years of experience, and practice sector. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 174 dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. The survey included questions to evaluate participants' knowledge of caries risk factors, attitudes towards CRA, and their practices in caries management. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20®, Graph Pad Prism®, and Microsoft Excel 2016 to explore associations between KAP and demographic factors. Chi-square tests were used to determine the significance of these associations. Results: The study revealed that while the overall knowledge of dental practitioners regarding caries prevention is high, significant gaps exist in understanding the impact of socioeconomic factors and the effectiveness of preventive measures like xylitol. Attitudes towards CRA were generally positive, with most practitioners recognizing its importance in clinical practice. However, time constraints were identified as a major barrier to the consistent application of CRA. The study also found significant variability in caries management practices, with government sector practitioners more consistently using preventive measures compared to those in private practice. Gender, nationality, and practice sector were significant predictors of differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Conclusion: The study concludes that while dental practitioners have a strong foundation in caries prevention, addressing the identified knowledge gaps and practice variability is crucial. Continuing education programs focusing on the socioeconomic determinants of caries and the benefits of preventive measures like xylitol are recommended. Streamlined CRA processes are needed to overcome practical barriers and improve the consistency of caries management across different practice settings.4 0Item Restricted DENTAL PRACTITIONER’S KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICE (KAP) REGARDING CARIES PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN CAIRO COMPARED TO RIYADH (A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY)(Cairo university, 2024) Albishri, Abdulmajeed; Abuelniel, Gihan MAim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental practitioners from Cairo and Riyadh regarding caries preventive measures. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-structured online questionnaire designed using Google Forms. The questionnaire consisted of 29 questions divided into four sections: sociodemographic, knowledge assessment, attitude assessment, and practice assessment. According to the eligibility criteria, the study included 248 participants who were general dental practitioners from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. collected data were analyzed and represented as frequency (N) and percentage (%) using SPSS (Version 22.0.0). Correlations were analyzed using Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient. Associations were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The significance level was set at p<0.05 for all tests. Results: A study of 249 participants aged 24-34, with a mean age of 28.47±2.04, found that most were general practitioners (88%), with most practicing in private clinics (42%). Most participants were male (61.4%), with most graduating between 2015 and 2023. The KAP assessment showed that most participants understood caries preventive measures, with 184 showing comprehension. However, 65 participants did not exhibit the same level of understanding. A significant number expressed a favorable outlook toward caries prevention methods. The study found no correlation between nationality, gender, or practice sector, but a significant correlation was found between participants' knowledge and attitude regarding caries prevention measures and their practice behavior towards these measures in children. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of addressing knowledge gaps and promoting evidence-based practices in pediatric dentistry.10 0Item Restricted Determining the variables associated with EMS non-conveyance of patients with respiratory complaints in Western Cape, South Africa: A retrospective chart review(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-02) AlSufayan, Mohammed K; Stassen, Willem; Daryl, Wesley; Binks, FaisalIntroduction: The South African (SA) demand for emergency care is increasing, placing more strain on the emergency medical services (EMS) and the larger healthcare system. However, not all patients who call EMS require conveyance to hospital. It is intuitive that the increase in ambulance responses has also increased the probability for non-conveyance. By determining the variables associated with non-conveyance, EMS resource utilization can be adjusted accordingly. Local data on the phenomenon is lacking, however, international data suggests that respiratory complaints are common causes for responses resulting in non-conveyance. The aim of this study is to determine the variables that are associated with the non-conveyance of patients with respiratory complaints serviced by the Provincial Government Western Cape (PGWC) EMS, SA. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted using data from the PGWC EMS computer aided dispatch (CAD) and electronic patient care reports (ePCR). Data were collected over a one-year period (1 October 2018 - 30 September 2019). All records where the emergency was a respiratory complaint, and the ambulance response ended in non-conveyance were included. The rate of non-conveyance was determined using descriptive analysis. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate factors that affect the likelihood of non-conveyance of respiratory complaints. Results: Out of 33 295 total respiratory complaints, the median patient age was 46 years. Males represented 50.2%(n = 16702) of the sample. There were no significant differences between the age and gender of those who were and were not conveyed. Of the total, 4.48%(n = 1493) were not conveyed to the hospital. Of the non-conveyed calls, 73.34%(n = 1081) were assigned a priority level 1 at dispatch and the remainder were priority 2. The majority, 45.16% (n = 504), of cases had a final triage code of yellow, followed by 31% (n = 356) coded green. Following multivariate regression, the following variables increased the odds of non-conveyance: Green triage (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.77-2.36; p<0.01), weekends (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.12-1.44; p<0.01), and nebulization on scene (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.23-1.74; p<0.01). Conversely, dispatch priority 2 (less urgent; OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.57-0.76; p<0.01), orange triage 21(OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.58-0.80; p<0.01), red triage (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.13-0.37; p<0.01), and oxygen administration (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41-0.67; p<0.01) were all associated with decreased odds of non-conveyance. Conclusion: Several variables are associated with the non-conveyance of respiratory complaint patients seen to by PGWC EMS. Future research focusing on the predictors for ambulance non-conveyance could lead to raised efficiency and minimization in operational expenses, and provider fatigue amongst others.20 0Item Restricted Educational Thought in the second century AH A CRITICAL ANAIYTICAL STUDY(Saudi Digital Library) جميل شريف الشريف; أ.د محمد المصيلحي27 0Item Restricted EFFECT OF ADDING NATURAL HONEY INTAKE ON LIPIDAEROBIC EXERCISETO CONTINUOUS PROFILE IN OVERWEIGHT MEN(Cairo University, 2024) Alfaqir, Mohammed; Elnahas,Nesreen; Elsheimy,Hend; Ismail,AliObjective: This study aimed to assess the effect of adding natural honey intake to continuous aerobic exercise on lipid profile in overweight men. Methods: Sixty overweight men who aged 40-50 years old - were randomly distributed into one of two groups; the study group (n=30) received 40-minute continuous aerobic exercise on treadmill three times weekly plus oral honey intake thrice daily for 12 weeks and the control group (n=30) received only the aerobic exercise thrice weekly. Patients' body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), high density lipoprotein (HDL), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were assessed in both groups. Results: After 12-week intervention, a significant improvement (P < 0.05) of BMI, WHR, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, and AIP was documented within both groups but the better level of improvement was detected in the study group. Post-treatment between-group comparison of all outcomes indicated a significant improvement in the direction of the study group. Conclusion: It could be concluded from this trial that adding 12-week oral honey intake to aerobic exercise maximize the improvement of lipid profile gained from aerobic exercise alone in overweight men. We recommend future research about the effect of honey intake on different grades of obesity in different ages of men.29 0Item Restricted EVALUATION OF FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH USING DIFFERENT INTRA-ORIFICE BARRIER MATERIALS (AN IN VITRO STUDY)(alexandria university, 2025) almutairi, hatim; Moussa, Sybel Mokhtar; Abdallah, Amr Mohamed; Genena, Ass SalmaBackground: Endodontically treated teeth (ETT) are potentially weaker than vital teeth against chewing forces and more prone to fracture. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of three intra-orifice barriers on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Material and methods: Fifty teeth divided into five groups according to the intraorifice barrier used: (n=10 each): Group I: Cention N, Group II: GC EverX Flow, Group III: GC Fuji LC 2 Gold Label, Group IV: (positive control group ) no intra-orifice barrier was placed and Group V: Negative control group, root canal was instrumented and left empty without obturation. All subjects underwent fracture resistance test by universal testing machine. Difference in fracture resistance was analyzed using One Way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test with Bonferroni Correction. Results: The median fracture resistance values were 988.04 for Cention N, 1030.78 for EverX Flow, 1241.19 for GC Fuji LC 2 Gold Label, 954.11 for positive control, and 835.26 for negative control. The Kruskal-Wallis H test yielded an H value of 9.365 with a p value of 0.053 indicating no statistically significant difference between the five groups. Conclusion: Cention N and GC EverX Flow increased fracture resistance to a certain extent, but showed lower value compared to GC Fuji LC 2 Gold Label. Further studies are needed to support our findings.10 0Item Restricted Investigate Video Gaming Behaviour Among Young Adults.(ULSTER UNIVERSITY, 2022) AlQurashi, Yazeed; Dornan, LesleyIntroduction/Background: Video games is one of the most common types of entertainment today, particularly amongst young adults aged 18-34. Video games are not a new phenomenon. They began in the early 70s, and have been spread quickly among each new generation, as it is considered to be generally more engaging than television shows. Video game become important, and the amount spend on gaming is increasing even through and after the quarantine policies that aims to contain COVID-19, although concerns about promoting video gaming have been raised. Aim: An Examination of Video Gaming Behaviour among Saudi Young Adults aged 18-24 years using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Methodology: This study was adapted a cross-sectional quantitative design. Sample of young adults aged 18-24 in Saudi Arabia. Participants has been contacted via a Google form which has been disseminated within gamer's platforms, social groups, and social media. Sample of young adults in Saudi Arabia aged 18-24. Participants has been invited to complete the survey, consisting of two sections. The first section assesses the participant's sociodemographic data. The second section comprises of the Gaming Addiction Scale (GAS). Results: the sample consisted of 75% males and 21.7% females. However, half of the sample suggest that they play video games 3-5 hours per day, were 20% suggest that they play for 6 hours or more per day. Furthermore, the majority of the participants dramatically increased their time during Covid 19 restrictions were 33.3% and 32.8% increased to a great extent and quite a lot respectively. The results suggest that subjective norms did not impact on video gaming behaviour. Moreover, the results indicate that young adults in Saudi have a perception that they have control in their gaming behaviour, while the findings suggest that their behaviour slightly tends toward addictive gaming behaviour.22 0Item Restricted Liability for material loss, undisclosed information, comparison between Egyptian law and the Saudi system(Assiut university, 2024) Althahir, Abdulaziz Saeed; Althahir, AbdulazizMessage summary The source of the contractual obligation of confidentiality is the contract, and since the latter is the meeting of two wills and its content is determined according to the points upon which the two wills agree, any obligation that arises must be based on the agreement of both the wills that make up the contract, and in the event that there are no points of meeting between the wills of the two parties, this means that the wills of both parties will not arise. Commitment: An agreement between the two parties is required that the commitment be confidential4 0Item Restricted Non-Canonical Neutral Delay Differential Equations and Their Oscillatory Behavior(Mansoura University, 2024) Alrashdi, Hail; Elabbasy, Elmetwally.10 0Item Restricted Religious values and thieir role in family cohesion a field study in Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia(Mansoura University, 2024-06-26) aladhyani, bajed raffa; Abu Alela, Dina muhammadThis study aimed to reveal the impact of religious values on family cohesion and to find out the extent to which stability and balance are achieved at the level of structure and structure, whether it is marital or family This study is a descriptive study that relied on the social survey method by means of the sample. The study also relied on the interview method (questionnaire) as a main tool for collecting the data required by the study. The total number of completed interview forms valid for analysis was (532) questionnaire forms. The study reached several results, the most important of which are : 1 - Most of the sample focused on the value of religiosity in choosing each other 2 -They agreed on the necessity of religious equivalence to ensure the 2 establishment of a cohesive family, and this is a positive indicator 3 - Most of sample practice religious duties, which means the presence of the value of faith in its applied side 4 - A high level of cooperation, respect, understanding and agreement between spouses, in addition to their assistance to each other during illness or crisis Study assignments35 0Item Restricted REMOVAL OF SOME HEAVY METAL IONS FROM WASTEWATER USING LIME(Saudi Digital Library) حمود علي المطيري; أ.د احمد سليمان3 0Item Restricted Reviving and developing of urban spaces to establish smart child-friendly environment: An application of vision 2030 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(2024) AlAbdullah, Mashaer; Serag, M.El-Sayed Abd allah; Hebah, Khaled MahmoudA decrease in direct interaction between children and their surroundings world, which is conducive to both learning and play, has resulted from the rapid development of technology. Children have a preference for remaining indoors and utilizing smart applications to avoid interacting with the outside world. Furthermore, an observation made by the researcher during the rehabilitation of outdoor open spaces reveals a dearth of appealing outdoor educational entertainment choices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study investigates how, by incorporating the nine types of intelligence and using artificial intelligence applications and geographic information systems software, it may develop public open spaces places for children based on David Sobel's principles with the goal of achieving the objectives specified in Vision 2030, in addition to in addition to highlight the relevance of urban development in the management of urban growth, its role in ensuring that cities are sustainable, efficient, and liveable, and the impact of this process, Through Studying the previous studies in this field and Analysing the current situation of parks in eastern region of Saudi Arabia and compare it to the best practice examples and gathering information and needs from children through questionnaire and workshops to propose smart urban Applications to implement in public open spaces in Saudi Arabia.The Research mainly aim to to improve and enhance public urban spaces for children by incorporating smart elements that contribute to improving the quality of life, in line with the 2030 vision in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the study aims to identify sustainable urban development principles for creating child-friendly open public spaces in Saudi Arabia, while also addressing the adverse effects of urbanisation on children's mental and physical development. The research methodology involves analysing theoretical studies related to the research topic, using data from academic journals, scientific publications, books, and websites that focus on the child-friendly cities initiative, urban development, and Smart sustainable cities. By utilising data gathered from previous studies, both national and international case studies, analysing the current situation of public open spaces in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia, questionnaires, and workshops specifically designed for children aged 6 to 12, this research aims to address the research problem and related hypotheses and establishing a omprehensive assessment method for analysing child-friendly public open spaces in the Saudi Arabia. The Study Found that reviving and enhancing public open spaces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia contributes to the creation of a smart and child-friendly environment, aligning with the goals of Vision 2030. This initiative aims to improve the quality of life in urban areas in Saudi Arabia, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goal 11, which focuses on creating sustainable cities and communities. Also, The Study Found that Urban development and urbanisation are essential for fostering economic growth, promoting innovation, and enhancing the quality of life. Sustainable smart cities encompass the integration of technology, environmental care, and social equality. These cities employ data-driven decision-making and innovative solutions to optimise resource utilisation, increase public services, and promote the well-being of their citizens. Finally, the research recommends utilising the criteria for evaluating cities that are suitable for children, to examine the quality of public open spaces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, a comprehensive development plan should be produced based on the principles of Universal design, Also, using Smart Application and virtual reality technology to create inclusive spaces for children in alignment with the ongoing initiative to develop eco-friendly smart cities, Implementing the principle of community participation through the establishment of memorandums of understanding to provide training for Eastern Region Municipality employees responsible for enhancing the city's urban landscape, in partnership with relevant stakeholders, with the aim of creating suitable designs for children in public urban areas and Revising the existing urban code to incorporate the requirements of children in public areas, therefore promoting the growth of an aware and well-being-oriented generation.74 0Item Restricted Some Extermal Problems for Certain Families of Analytic Functions(2024) AL-Mutairi, Norah Saud Dhaifallah; Darwish, Hanan Elsied Awad; Shahen, Awatef Abd ElganyIn this thesis, the student introduces new classes of analytic functions defined by using some differential and integral operators and the Hadamard product in the open unit disc and study various properties of these classes. This thesis mainly of six chapters.23 0Item Restricted The differences in language use and attitude towards language between men and women in Saudi Arabia(University of Pretoria, 2022-06-06) Alzahrani, Fatimah; Tirvassen, Rada; Kritzinger, KoosThe topic of gender differences has attracted considerable critical attention from linguists because of the importance that sociolinguistics offers to the complex relationship between language and gender. Gender separation in the social setting could be a significant factor in the disparities in language use between men and women. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the relationship between language and gender in Saudi Arabia, a gender-segregated society. This involves determining if the male and female students differ in their language use and attitudes towards Saudi Arabic varieties.44 0